{
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "name": "artefact",
    "crs": {
        "type": "name",
        "properties": {
            "name": "EPSG:4326"
        }
    },
    "features": [
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Point",
                "coordinates": [
                    30.421458,
                    25.72992
                ]
            },
            "properties": {
                "id": 1773,
                "artefact_uri": "https:\/\/4care-skos.mf.no\/artefact\/1773",
                "site_id": 8,
                "site_uri": "https:\/\/4care-skos.mf.no\/place\/8",
                "site_name": "Umm al-Dab\u0101d\u012bb",
                "clm_id": "TM 983377",
                "material": "Papyrus",
                "description": "P. Dabadib inv. 1. Letter from Psenpnouthes to Psenpnouthes.\r\nCoincidentally, both sender and recipient are named Psenpnouthes, a Christian name whose attestations come predominantly from the Great Oasis. The author of the letter is a camel-driver (\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2), probably residing in the village of Mesob\u00ea (\u039c\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b7, l. 40), in Dakhla Oasis, while the addressee seems to have been located in the Nile Valley. The sender was supposed to receive from the recipient, and through his son Psais, a kentenarion (100 Roman pounds - litrai) of iron. However, Psais did not come, and, as a result, the iron transaction did not take place. Psenpnouthes, the sender, appears to offer for the iron wheat, oil and a solidus, and to cover the cost of the transportation. The letter states the cost of the kentenarion of iron as 3 solidi.\r\nIt is not entirely clear how the letter, which seemingly concerns business between Dakhla Oasis and a locality in the Nile Valley, ended at Umm al-Dab\u0101d\u012bb. The position of the site at the intersection of caravan routes certainly explains its whereabouts. The Darb \u02bfAm\u016br, which linked Dakhla and Kharga, was one of them, and was connected to the small oasis of Umm al-Dab\u0101d\u012bb. A Coptic graffito left on the east wall of the nave of the church of Umm al-Dab\u0101d\u012bb (Ghica 2012: 212, n. 112; Lazaridis 2018: 242-243) attests of the circulation between this remote settlement and Dakhla. It was inscribed by a certain Anastasios, who \"came from the Inner Oasis\" (scil. Dakhla) and found water at Umm al-Dab\u0101d\u012bb (aieie anima aijimoou).\r\n\u00a0",
                "date_from": 353,
                "date_to": 382,
                "dating_criteria": "Mention of solidus (\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, l. 35-36, 41-42, 46), which is \"rarely mentioned in papyri before Constantius\u2019 monetary reforms of ca. 353\" (Rossi, Delattre, Bagnall 2024: 102).",
                "selection_criteria": "Christian onomastics,Archaeological context associated with Christian markers",
                "absolute_relative_date": null,
                "stratigraphic_context": "",
                "shelf_mark": "",
                "bibliography": "",
                "external_links": [
                    {
                        "text": "TM 983377",
                        "url": "https:\/\/www.trismegistos.org\/text\/983377"
                    }
                ],
                "classes": "Textual",
                "writing_medium": "Sheet\/roll",
                "text_content": "Documentary",
                "language": "Greek",
                "archive": "",
                "authors": [
                    {
                        "author": "Victor Ghica",
                        "year": "2024"
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}