{
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "name": "site",
    "crs": {
        "type": "name",
        "properties": {
            "name": "EPSG:4326"
        }
    },
    "features": [
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Point",
                "coordinates": [
                    30.876365,
                    27.808769
                ]
            },
            "properties": {
                "id": 23,
                "site_uri": "https:\/\/4care-skos.mf.no\/site\/23",
                "modern_name": "al-\u0160ay\u1e2b \u02bfIb\u0101da",
                "ancient_name": "Antinooupolis",
                "typology": "city",
                "date_from": 130,
                "date_to": 0,
                "dating_criteria": "",
                "place_names": [
                    {
                        "language": "Greek",
                        "pl_name": " \u1f08\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 | \u039d\u03ad\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f1d\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Coptic",
                        "pl_name": "antinoou | antinwou"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Arabic",
                        "pl_name": "\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0646\u0627 | \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "English",
                        "pl_name": "El-Sheikh 'Abadah | El-Sheikh Ibada | Sheikh 'Abadah | Sheikh 'Ibada | Sheikh Abada | Sheikh Abadah | Sheikh Abbada | Sheikh Ibada"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "French",
                        "pl_name": "Antino\u00e9 | Antino\u00eb | Cheikh Abada | Cheikh Abadeh | Cheikh Abad\u00e8h | Cheikh Ibada"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "German",
                        "pl_name": "Scheich Abade"
                    }
                ],
                "trismegistos_uri": "https:\/\/www.trismegistos.org\/place\/2774",
                "pleiades_uri": "https:\/\/pleiades.stoa.org\/places\/756518",
                "paths_uri": "https:\/\/atlas.paths-erc.eu\/places\/53",
                "description": "The site is located on the east bank of the Nile on a plain which extends from the riverbank to a desert cliff, approximately 10 km north of Mallaw\u012b, in the modern district of al-Miny\u0101. The archaeological area lies immediately to the east of the modern village of al-\u0160ay\u1e2b \u02bfIb\u0101da, which is built over and cover part of the ancient site.\r\nThe earliest and most conspicuous attestations of a Christian presence in Antinoopolis come from textual sources: a notice in the\u00a0Historia Ecclesiastica\u00a0(6.11.2) indicates that Christianity had been established as early as the middle of the III century. Moreover, hagiographic literature confirms that the city was a bishopric by the beginning of the IV century when it was administered by a certain Timotheus (Stewart, 1991).\r\nThe floruit of the centre is fixed to the fourth-fifth century, when a stable and important monastic activity is documented: Palladius' Historia Lausiaca mentions the existence of 12 nunneries and 1200 hermits present in and scattered around the town; the monastic community was still active in the sixth century, while Coptic texts also refers to places of worship of the relics of the saints Claudius and Colluthus (Stewart 1991; Coquin, Martin, Donadoni, Grossmann 1991).\r\nDespite the rich amount of textual information, the preserved archaeological evidence is somewhat dispersed but still rather impressive. The numerous churches mentioned in sources are no longer in existence, but the Italian archaeological missions identified and excavated several buildings in both marginal and central areas of the town (cf. Grossmann 2002, 430-436).\r\nIn the north cemetery, which dates mostly to the fifth-seventh centuries, a small church complex has been identified, due to newly discovered papyri, as the martyrium of St. Colluthos, a local saint died under the Diocletian Persecution in the early fourth century (Manfredi 1966, 191; 1984, 90; Grossmann 2002, 433-434; 2008c; 2014). As it appears from numerous ex votos found in the area of the church and its attached buildings, the site functioned since the early sixth century also as a sanatorium where incubation rites were carried out. In addition, the large number of small biglietti\u00a0recovered, containing petitions for assistance in decisions concerning cases of illnesses and other issues, clearly shows that the sanctuary was also an active Christian oracle centre. The architectural arrangement of the sanctuary consisted of a large, roughly rectangular area (C1) surrounded on all sides by thick and originally rather high boundary walls, whose core-structure is represented by the small church located in the northeastern sector, and articulated in a western narthex, a three-aisled nave, and a tripartite sanctuary (Grossmann 2014 figs. 1-2, pls. Ia-b). To the south, on the eastern side of an open courtyard, a series of four small rooms (1-4) was added, serving as incubation chambers; farther to the south, this original complex reached the boundary wall of an earlier built area (A). At a later stage, the area of the sanctuary was enlarged at its western and south-western sides (C2), extending until the already existing complexes D and B, where the entrance to the church area was finally created. Within this expanded area, some small houses (6-8) were then built in the southeastern corner of court C2, while all other units (9, 10) appear as slightly later additions. All these buildings remained in use approximately until the time of the Arab conquest, which apparently mark the end of cult of St. Colluthos. Later on, when the church complex had already been abandoned, a new boundary wall was constructed to surround the whole cemetery area, which ended up cutting through and covering the northern part of the earlier church building since its foundations stand high above the floor level of the church.\r\nWithin the city, the plan and articulation of the church by the so-called eastern gate can be quite safely reconstructed despite the severe pillaging of the edifice (Uggeri 1974;\u00a0Grossmann 2002, 430, fig. 52;\u00a02010b, 165-171). It can be dated to the first third of the fifth century, on the basis of the associated pottery assemblage (Grossmann 2010b, 167). Part of the outer wall and the stylobate have been preserved, together with the crypt below the sanctuary, which is the most relevant feature; it was accessible by two symmetrical staircases on both sides of the central chamber, and had on the eastern wall a niche where probably a reliquary was originally placed Grossmann 2002, 430; 2011b, 114-117). Above, at the church level, it appears that the floor of the sanctuary, including the presbytery, consisted of marble slabs (Grossmann 2011b, pls. IIa-b), while limestone was used for the aisles and the western part of the central nave. The presbytery extended even far into the central nave of the church and had at its western margin a large central field (2x2 m) of opus sectile, of which only the bedding layer remains. On the other hand, the apse, which was located to the east of the crypt, has been completely lost so that its size and exact position can only be guessed; it should have run somewhat parallel to the frontal fa\u00e7ade of the sanctuary, and from it the lateral\u00a0pastophoria \u2012 if they actually existed \u2012 would have been accessible (Grossmann 2010b, 170). To the west of the church an atrium was added at a later stage (Uggeri 1974, 41;\u00a0Grossmann 2010b, 170-171, pl. Ib, IIIb), and was characterised by square pillar resting on bases with Attic profile and surmounted by Corinthian capitals, as the stone fragments on the ground indicate.\r\nFinally, in the western part of the central nave a number of burials have been discovered, consisting of a shaft connected to the burial cave where the body was placed (Grossmann 2010b 169-170, fig. 2; pl. IVa). The deceased were mainly young women, but there were also two men and one child, each one of them having his\/her own burial place. The openings into the burial caves were closed with reused stones from the church's walls, and the shafts filled completely with earth, a fact clearly indicating that these burials were excavated after the church was no longer in use, but also that the place maintained religious importance, perhaps because of a connection with an important saint-figure. Moreover, it appears that the area of the sanctuary was not disturbed (with the exception of one tomb), likely out of a sense of respect. Thus, there is the possibility that on special occasions the liturgy was still celebrated in the church (Grossmann 2010b, 170).\r\nThe church by the east gate is now known to have been attached to a large basilica (labelled as church 2a), which has been identified immediately to the north of the latter, and excavated in recent years (Grossmann 2011b, 111-117; 2011c, 128-133;\u00a02012). The building displays the traditional basilica plan characterised by a large central nave, two lateral aisles, and the sanctuary with semicircular apse and lateral\u00a0pastophoria. Clearly a later addition to the church is the annex attached to the north-eastern side of the north\u00a0pastophorium, which had an elaborated entrance on the western side giving access to a main rectangular hall with an apse at the eastern wall. These features, together with the elements of a large peristyle preceding the entrance (only partially investigated), make reasonable to interpret this space as a reception hall possibly belonging to an episcopal palace (episcopium) (Grossmann 2012, 77-82, pls. 2a-b, 3, 4a-b, 5a).\r\nThe western end of the church is missing, but the remains of a partition wall have been uncovered, which evidently separated the sanctuary on the east from the narthex that was situated on the western part of the edifice. As for the entrance, a certain variation in the width of the northern aisle (as it can be presumed by preserved traces of the original pavement, seems to suggest the presence of a door on this side of the edifice).\r\nThe basilica was certainly in use as early as the fifth century \u2012 this is the date of the complex as indicated by the pottery finds from the adjoining small church \u2012, but some elements of the architectural decoration can be assigned to the first half of the sixth century, and probably belong to later additions (Grossmann 2011b, 130, pl. Va-b).\r\nTwo other church buildings, labelled d2 and d3 and dated to the fifth-sixth centuries, have been identified in the southeastern part of the city, few meters south of the great wadi (Mitchell 1982, 177-178), and fully investigated in recent years: the large building d2 has been identified as the episcopal church of the city, also on account of the presence of a series of rooms on its southeastern side, which include a small apsed chapel and are likely to belong to the episcopal palace of the city (Grossmann 2002, 430-431, fig. 53; 2008b, 227-239;\u00a02009, 257-260). Despite the state of preservation, the spatial articulation of the building has been reconstructed in its essential features (Grossmann 2009, fig. 1): it had a cruciform ground-plan with the sanctuary being composed of a rather large apse flanked by a series of lateral chambers, of which the one adjoining the apse on the right contained a square baptismal font. A second font was located in the northeastern corner of the naos and belonged to the final phase of the edifice. Finally, the western end of the church was marked by a large court-like area serving as the atrium of the building. As for the chronology, the complex is dated to the fifth-sixth centuries. The analysis of the pottery finds sampled in different areas of the excavated church can be indeed assigned to at least three levels of occupation (Guidotti\u00a02018, 81): the first one, dated to the late IV century, was actually associated to an early non-Christian cult building only partially investigated (cf. Grossmann 2009, 260; Guidotti 2008, 64-66, 80-81); the other two belong to the church complex and reflect, respectively, the phase of its construction and first use during the fifth century, and a later, final stage of fifth-sixth centuries.\r\nThe other church (d3) displays the plan of a regular three-aisled basilica built with a complete series of tall ionic columns reused from an earlier but unknown imperial building (Grossmann 2002, 432-433, fig. 54; 2009, 261-266, fig. 2;\u00a02010a, fig. 1;\u00a02010c, fig. 1; 2011a,\u00a081-85, fig. 1). The usual eastern transverse aisle, here as well as in the nearby church d2, was replaced by a broad fore-choir, while the sanctuary, which is elevated by two steps, consisted of an apse with a slightly wider porch and at least two, large lateral\u00a0pastophoria. On the other hand, the most distinctive feature of the building marking its functional destination as a Christian healing centre based on incubation rites is represented by the numerous benches (klinai) distributed between the columns and along the lateral walls of the church (Grossmann 2009, pl. IIIa); additionally, a regular series of incubation chambers almost equal in size run along the inner perimeter of the western atrium. From all these elements it can be deduced that the church-complex was dedicate to St. Colluthos. A date to the sixth century has been established for this building, also on the basis of the stylistic analysis of the various preserved elements of its architectural decoration (cf. Severin 2014).\r\nFinally, after the Arab conquest, when the complex had been abandoned, a small single-nave church was built in the eastern part of the earlier central nave, the plan of which, however, is no longer understandable in detail (Grossmann 2009, 266-267, fig. 3). It seems that this new building was very modest in size and probably was not provided of lateral aisles. Only the sanctuary has been partially preserved and consists of a central round apse flanked by two rectangular lateral chambers. On the other hand, it remains uncertain whether this church possessed a narthex at its western end.\r\nA completely different structure, for type and building technique, is the church located in the south cemetery outside the city (Grossmann 2000; 2002, 434-436, fig. 55). It is a long five-aisled basilica with a three-aisled middle section surrounded on all four sides by a rather narrow passage; with its rows of 22 columns, the edifice features among the longest churches in Egypt known so far. At its western end, the remains of the narthex can be recognised, with a stairwell in its north corner; how the front of the church was originally designed, however, cannot be ascertained. At the opposite, eastern end, there was an old-style sanctuary with a central apse flanked by irregularly shaped lateral rooms on both sides. The apse was decorated by an inner ring of applied columns with two smaller half-rounded entrances to form the sides of the central main opening. On the basis of such distinctive planimetric and architectural features, this church can be safely assigned to the fourth century.\r\nThe city of Antinoopolis was also served by two cemeteries, placed outside the enclosure wall at the opposite end of the site: the southern one had a pre-Christian origin and was subsequently readapted by the Coptic community and marked by the building of the large early basilica; the northern one was characterised by many mausolea of different size, all built over an earlier necropolis of simple burial pits dug in the ground. Among these monumental structures, one must include the burial chapel of Theodosia, well known for its painted decoration.\r\nAt the eastern edge of the north necropolis, a large complex has been excavated, with a central court surrounded by a colonnaded portico, which in all probability served as an appropriate area for the celebration of common memorial meals (refrigeria) by the relatives of the deceased who gathered there on regular occasions (Grossmann 2008b, fig. 1). Later, the complex lost his original purpose: the\u00a0intercolumnia\u00a0of the western colonnade were partly bricked up to get small chambers provided with independent entrances (Grossmann 2008b, 42). Some of them were also equipped with a staircase leading to an upper floor or to the roof. Apparently, after these transformations, this part of the peristyle-complex was destined to the civilian population as a residential area, while there are no indications yet that this area was inhabited by monks (Grossmann 2008b, 44).\r\nFrom the court of the peristyle, below the floor level, also come some burials. Most of these burials had been disturbed and the bodies were dispersed in the sand; some of theme, however, were still untouched at the moment of the excavations and yielded a large quantity of textiles (Pintaudi 2008, 11-12, figs. 74-94). Overall, the dating materials recovered (mainly coins and papyri) span from the third to the seventh century (Pintaudi 2008b, 12).\r\nAngelo Colonna (PAThs project)",
                "archaeological_research": "The archaeological fieldwork conducted at Antinoopolis has been extensive, and almost continuous since the late 19th century. The first official excavations of the site were initiated in 1895 under the direction of the French Egyptologist Albert Gayet, and continued until 1914. Alongside Gayet, the German philologist and Coptologist Carl Schmidt carried out work in the Christian necropolis in 1896. In 1898, Victor Loret was involved in excavations, and Urbain Bouriant conducted a topographic survey. The relevant publications concerning this fieldwork are extremely limited and of considerably poor quality. In 1910, Ernesto Schiaparelli, the director of the Turin Museum, was granted partial concession for a section of the site. This concession was quickly renounced, and excavations were briefly abandoned. In 1914, John de Monins Johnson of Oxford University initiated further excavations. Like his precursors, the publications were limited, comprising a few articles of narrow scope and a single field report. Eventually, the Istituto Papirologico \u201cG. Vitelli\u201d of Florence began excavating in 1935\/6, under the direction of Evaristo Breccia. Sergio Donadoni, from the University La Sapienza, visited the site in 1939, leading to a collaboration between the two teams. After a large hiatus as a result of World War II, the two teams shared the concession from the mid-60s onwards, almost without interruption. Between 1993 and 2000, all field-work opportunities were restricted due to security measures which resulted in the closure of Middle Egypt. In 2000, the Istituto Papirologico \u201cG. Vitelli\u201d of Florence began work again, under the direction of Rosario Pintaudi. Since 2023, the Italian mission is directed by Francesca Maltomini.",
                "bibliography": "&bull; Abdal-Tawab, A.-R., M. Ghattas and P. Grossmann. 2001. &ldquo;Preliminary Report on the Excavation of a Monastic Complex to the South of Antinoopolis.&rdquo; Bulletin de la Soci&eacute;t&eacute; d&rsquo;arch&eacute;ologie copte 40: 35-52.&bull; Adriani, A. 1939. &ldquo;Scavi della missione dell&rsquo;Istituto Papirologico Fiorentino ad Antinoe.&rdquo; Annales du Service des antiquit&eacute;s de l&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte 39: 659-663.&bull; Alphand&eacute;ry, P. 1903. &ldquo;Les fouilles de M. Gayet &agrave; Antino&euml;.&rdquo; Revue de l&rsquo;histoire des religions 47, 1: 433-435.&bull;&nbsp;Arrigoni, E. 1982. &ldquo;Locus ex machina e neo-divinit&agrave; Antinoo; topografia antinopolitana in Egitto e sua geminazione nella &laquo;Besant&igrave;noe&raquo; d&rsquo;Attica.&rdquo;&nbsp;Quaderni ticinesi. Numismatica e antichit&agrave; classiche 11: 215-254.&bull;&nbsp;Awad Rayed, F. and H. Kellawy. 2021. &ldquo;New Inscribed Stones from Antinoupolis.&rdquo;&nbsp;Analecta Papyrologica 23: 289-295.&bull;&nbsp;Baldassare, I. 1988. &ldquo;Alcune riflessioni sull&rsquo;urbanistica di Antinoe (Egitto).&rdquo;&nbsp;Annales du Service des antiquit&eacute;s de l&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte&nbsp;49: 157-166.&bull; Baldassare, I. and I. Bragantini. 1983. &ldquo;Antinoe - necropoli meridionale (saggi 1978): Relazione preliminare; III Materiali ceramici.&rdquo; Annales du Service des antiquit&eacute;s de l&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte 49: 157-161 and 161-166.&bull; Ballet, P. 2008. &ldquo;D&rsquo;Alexandrie &agrave; Antinoopolis. Fondations &eacute;gyptiennes et r&eacute;seau viaire.&rdquo; In La rue dans l&rsquo;antiquit&eacute;. D&eacute;finition, am&eacute;nagement, devenir, edited by P. Balllet, N. Dieudonn&eacute;-Glad and C. Saliou, 151-160. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes.&bull; Ballet, P. and M. Cristina Guidotti. 2014. &ldquo;Identificazione e analisi delle discariche domestiche e industrialia della citt&agrave; di Antinoe.&rdquo; In Antinoupolis I, edited by R. Pintaudi and G. Bastianini, 165-222. Florence: Istituto Papirologico &ldquo;G. Vitelli&rdquo;.&bull; Bailey, D. M. 1999. &ldquo;A Ghost Palaestra at Antinoopolis.&rdquo; Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 85: 235-9.&bull; Baillet, J. 1907. Les tapisseries d&rsquo;Antino&eacute; au Mus&eacute;e d&rsquo;Orl&eacute;ans. Orl&eacute;ans: Pigelet &amp; Fils.&bull; Ballet. Pascale.&nbsp; 2008. &ldquo;D&rsquo;Alexandrie &agrave; antinoopolis. Foundations &eacute;gyptiennes et r&eacute;seau viaire.&rdquo; In La rue dans l&rsquo;antiquit&eacute;. D&eacute;finition, am&eacute;nagement, devenir, edited by P. Ballet, N. Dieudonn&eacute;-Glad, and C. Saliou, 151-60. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes.&bull; Bartoletti, V. &ldquo;La Madonna con il Bambino in un Papiro Copto di Antinoe.&rdquo; In Studi in onore di Luisa Banti, 29-31 and plate X. Rome: \"L'Erma\" di Bretschneider.&bull; Barns, J. and H. Zilliachus. 1960\/1967. The Antinoopolis Papyri, Part. II and III. London: Egypt Exploration Society.&bull; Bastianini, G. 2012. &ldquo;Un codice dell&rsquo;Iliade da Antinoe: PSI XIII 1298.&rdquo; In I papiri omerici: atti del convegno internazionale di studi: Firenze, 9-10 giugno 2011 (Studi e Testi di Papirologia, N.S. 14), edited by G. Bastianini and A. Casanova, 279-292.&nbsp;Florence: Istituto Papirologico &laquo;G. Vitelli&raquo;.&bull; Bastianini, G. and R. Pintaudi. 2017. &ldquo;Due documenti con Aurelio Teofilo economo del martyrium di San Colluto.&rdquo; In Antinoupolis III, edited by R. Pintaudi, 593-622. Florence: Florence University Press.&bull; Bell, H. I. 1933. &ldquo;Diplomata Antinoitica.&rdquo; Aegyptus 13: 514-528.&bull; Bell, H. I. 1940. &ldquo;Antinoopolis: A Hadrianic Foundation in Egypt.&rdquo; Journal of Roman Studies 30, 2: 133-147.&bull; B&eacute;nazeth, D. 1992. Mus&eacute;e du Louvre: L&rsquo;art du m&eacute;tal au d&eacute;but de l&rsquo;&egrave;re chr&eacute;tienne. Paris: Minist&egrave;re de la Culture, &Eacute;ditions de la R&eacute;union des Mus&eacute;es Nationaux.&bull; B&eacute;nazeth, D. 2004. &ldquo;Les tissus &ldquo;sassanides&rdquo; d&rsquo;Antino&eacute; au Mus&eacute;e du Louvre.&rdquo; In Riding Costume in Egypte. Origin Appearance, edited by C. Fluck, G. Vogelsang-Eastwood, 117-128. Boston: Brill.&bull; B&eacute;nazeth, D. 2006. &ldquo;From Thais to Thaias: Reconsidering Her Burial in Antinoopolis (Egypt).&rdquo; In Textiles in Situ. Their Find Spots in Egypt and Neighbouring Countries in the First Millennium CE, edited by S. Schrenk, 69-83. Riggisberg: Abegg-Stiftung.&bull; B&eacute;nazeth, D. 2007. &ldquo;Essai de datation par la m&eacute;thode du radiocarbone de v&ecirc;tements &agrave; la mode orientale retrouv&eacute;s &agrave; Antino&eacute; et de quelques soieries apparent&eacute;es.&rdquo; In Methods of Dating Textiles from the 1st Millennium from Egypt and Neighbouring Countries. Proceedings of the 4th Meeting of the Study Group &ldquo;Textiles in the Nile Valley.&rdquo; Antwerp, 6-7 October 2007. Tielt: Lannoo Publishers.&bull; B&eacute;nazeth, D. and C. Fluck. 2004. &ldquo;Fussbekleidung der Reitertracht aus Antinoopolis in &Uuml;berblick.&rdquo; In Riding Costume in Egypte. Origin and Appearance, edited by C. Fluck, G. Vogelsand-Eastwood, 189-205. Boston: Brill.&bull; B&eacute;nazeth, D. and M. Van Strydonck. 2006. &ldquo;Carbone 14 et arch&eacute;ologie copte: la s&eacute;pulture de Tha&iuml;as &agrave; Antino&eacute;.&rdquo; In &Eacute;tudes Coptes IX: Onzi&egrave;me journ&eacute;e d&rsquo;&eacute;tudes, Strasbourg, 12-14 juin 2003, edited by A. Boud&rsquo;hors, J. Gascou and D. Vaillancourt, 45-66. Paris: E. de Boccard.&bull; Bernand, A. 1984. Les portes du d&eacute;sert. Recueil des inscriptions grecques d&rsquo;Antinooupolis, Tentyris, Koptos, Apollonopolis Parva et Apollonopolis Magna. Paris: &Eacute;ditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique.&bull; Bingen, J. 1977. &ldquo;Une d&eacute;dicace august&eacute;enne sur le site d&rsquo;Anino&eacute;.&rdquo; Zeitschrift f&uuml;r Papyrologie und Epigraphik 24: 245.&bull; Bingen, J. 1984. &ldquo;&Eacute;pigraphie grecque et latine: d&rsquo;Antino&eacute; &agrave; Edfou.&rdquo; Chronique d&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte 59, 188: 359-370.&bull; Bingen, J. 1988. &ldquo;Un premier volume de papyrus Wessely Pragenses.&rdquo; Chronique d&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte 63, 126: 379-389.&bull; Boak, A. E. R. 1927. &ldquo;The Epikrisis Record of an Ephebe of Antinoopolis Found at Karanis.&rdquo; Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 13: 151-154.&bull; Bongrani-Fanfoni, L. 1974. &ldquo;Scavi nell&rsquo;area del tempio ramesside, 1966.&rdquo; In Antinoe (1965-1968) Missione Archeologica in Egitto dell&rsquo;Universit&agrave; di Roma, edited by S. Donadoni, 33-36, fig. 13 and pl. XI to XVII. Rome: Istituto di studi del Vicino oriente.&bull; Bonnet, E. 1902. &ldquo;Plantes antiques des n&eacute;cropoles d&rsquo;Antino&eacute;.&rdquo; Journal de botanique 16, (9 September): 314-319.&bull; Borgia, E. 2017. &ldquo;Sigillate locali e di importazione ad Antinoupolis: un primo bilancio dal materiale erratico.&rdquo; In Antinoupolis III, edited by R. Pintaudi, 113-206. Florence: Florence University Press.&bull; Borgia, E. 2019. &ldquo;Aswan Thin-Walled Figure Painted Bowls from Antinoupolis&rdquo;. Analecta Papyrologica 31: 249-260.&bull;&nbsp;Borgia, E. 2021. &ldquo;Su un orecchino in bronzo di epoca proto-bizantina da Antinoupolis&rdquo;. Analecta Papyrologica 33: 325-326.&bull;&nbsp;Borgia, E.&nbsp; and M. Elefante. 2022. &ldquo;Un eulogion di San Phoibammon da Antinoupolis.&rdquo; Analecta Papyrologica 34: 7-16.&bull; Borrini, M and P. Paolo Mariani. 2017. &ldquo;La sepultura di Teodosia: l&rsquo;archeologia e l&rsquo;antropologia forense come strumenti d&rsquo;identificazione nel caso di una sepultura a camera dal sito di Sheikh &lsquo;Abadah (Antinoupolis).&rdquo; Antinoupolis III, edited by R. Pintaudi, 375-414. Florence: Florence University Press.&bull; Braunert, H. 1962. &ldquo;Griechische und R&ouml;mische Komponenten im Stadtrecht von Antinoopolis.&rdquo; Journal of Juristic Papyrology 14: 73-88.&bull; Breccia, E. and S. Donadoni. &ldquo;Le prime ricerche italiane ad Antinoe (Scavi dell&rsquo;Istituto papirologico fiorentino negli anni 1936\/1937; gli Scavi del 1938).&rdquo; Aegyptus 18, 3 (July\/December): 285-318.&bull; Brunel, C. 2002. \"D&rsquo;Antinoopolis &agrave; Samarobriva. Couleurs du Nil en Pays de Somme. La Collection de Tissues Coptes du Mus&eacute;e de Picardie.\" Masters Thesis. Universit&eacute; de Picardie, Amiens (unpublished).&bull; Cadell, H. 1965. &ldquo;P. Caire Ifao inv. 45, P. Oxy. 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Vitelli&rdquo;.&bull; Fournet J., 2009. &ldquo;I papiri di Antinooupolis: la collezione e gli scavi fiorentini.&rdquo; In 100 anni di istituzioni fiorentine per la papirologia: 1908, Societ&agrave; Italiana per la ricerca di Papiri, 1928, Istituto Papirologico &laquo;G. Vitelli&raquo;: atti del convegno internazionale di studi Firenze, 12-13 giugno 2008, Studi e Testi di Papirologia N.S. 11, edited by G. Bastianini and A. Casanova, 115-132. Florence: Istituto Papirologico &laquo;G. Vitelli&raquo;.&bull; Froschauer, H. 2008. &ldquo;Antinoupolis. Erster Vorbericht zu den Textilfunden aus der Nekropole Nord (Grabungskampagnen Fru\u0308hjahr und Herbst 2007)&rdquo;. Analecta Papyrologica 18-20: 269-274.&bull; Gasiorowski, S. J. 1931. &ldquo;A Fragment of a Greek Illustrate Papyrus from Antino&euml;.&rdquo; Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 17: 1-9 et pl. 1.&bull; Gayet, A. 1896a. &ldquo;Les fouilles d&rsquo;Antino&euml;.&rdquo; Chronique des arts 23 (13 June): 207-208.&bull; Gayet, A. 1896b. &ldquo;Nouvelles arch&eacute;ologiques et correspondance.&rdquo; Revue arch&eacute;ologique 29 (July-December): 124-126.&bull; Gayet, A. 1897a. &ldquo;Correspondance du Caire: les fouilles arch&eacute;ologiques en &Eacute;gypte en 1896-1897.&rdquo; Revue de l&rsquo;art ancien et moderne 1, 1 (April): 79.&bull; Gayet, A. 1897b. &ldquo;Correspondance du Caire: les fouilles du Mus&eacute;e Guimet.&rdquo; Revue de l&rsquo;art ancien et moderne 1, 2 (May): 188-189.&bull; Gayet, A. 1897d. &ldquo;L&rsquo;exploration des ruines d&rsquo;Antino&euml; et la d&eacute;couverte d&rsquo;un temple de Rams&egrave;s II enclos dans l&rsquo;enceinte de la ville d&rsquo;Hadrien.&rdquo; Annales du Mus&eacute;e 26, 3: 5-51.&bull; Gayet, A. &nbsp;1897e. &ldquo;Les textes de l&rsquo;ob&eacute;lisque Barberini relatifs aux honneurs rendus &agrave; Antino&uuml;s.&rdquo; Annales du Mus&eacute;e 26, 3: 52-54.&bull; Gayet, A. 1897f. &ldquo;Compte rendu des fouilles effectu&eacute;es &agrave; Antino&eacute; au cours de l&rsquo;hiver 1896\/1897.&rdquo; Annales du Mus&eacute;e 26, 3: 55-58.&bull; Gayet, A. 1898a. &ldquo;Correspondance du Caire.&rdquo; Revue de l&rsquo;art ancien et moderne 3, 14 (May): 480-481.&bull; Gayet, A. 1898b. &ldquo;Le tr&eacute;sor de la n&eacute;cropole d&rsquo;Antino&euml; &agrave; l&rsquo;exposition du Mus&eacute;e Guimet.&rdquo; Revue des arts d&eacute;coratifs 18: 225-231.&bull; Gayet, A. 1898c. &ldquo;Un tour en &Eacute;gypte.&rdquo; &Agrave; travers le monde 49 (3 December): 385-388 and 50 (10 December): 393-396.&bull; Gayet, A. 1898d. Mus&eacute;e Guimet. Catalogue des objects recueillis &agrave; Antino&eacute; pendant les fouilles de 1898 et expos&eacute;s au mus&eacute;e Guimet du 22 mai au 30 juin 1898. Paris: E. Leroux.&bull; Gayet, A. 1900. Notice relative aux objects recueillis &agrave; Antino&eacute; pendant les fouilles ex&eacute;cut&eacute;es en 1899-1900 et expos&eacute;s au Mus&eacute;e Guimet du 12 d&eacute;cembre 1900 au 12 janvier 1901. Paris: E. Leroux.&bull; Gayet, A. 1901a. &ldquo;Ma cinqui&egrave;me campagne de fouilles &agrave; Antino&euml;.&rdquo; Revue arch&eacute;ologique 39 (July-December): 77-92.&bull; Gayet, A. 1901b. &ldquo;Tha&iuml;s d&rsquo;Antino&eacute;.&rdquo; Revue de l&rsquo;art ancien et moderne 10, 53 (August 1901): 135-141.&bull; Gayet, A. 1901c. Notice relative aux objects recueillis &agrave; Antino&eacute; pendant les fouilles ex&eacute;cut&eacute;es en 1900-1901 et expos&eacute;s au mus&eacute;e Guimet du 15 juin au 31 juillet 1901. Paris: E. Leroux.&bull; Gayet, A. 1902a. Antino&eacute; et les s&eacute;pultures de Tha&iuml;s ert S&eacute;rapion. Paris: Soci&eacute;t&eacute; fran&ccedil;aise d&rsquo;&eacute;ditions d&rsquo;art.&bull; Gayet, A. 1902b. Notice des objects recueillis &agrave; Antino&eacute; pendant les fouilles de 1901-1902 et expos&eacute;s au Mus&eacute;e Guimet du 5 juin au 5 juillet 1902. Paris: E. Leroux.&bull; Gayet, A. 1902c. &ldquo;Les derni&egrave;res fouilles d&rsquo;Antino&eacute; &ndash; Leuky&ocirc;n&eacute; et la civilisation d&rsquo;Antino&eacute; sous le r&egrave;gne d&rsquo;H&eacute;liogabale.&rdquo; Revue de l&rsquo;art ancien et moderne 12, 64 (July): 9-18.&bull; Gayet, A. 1902d. &ldquo;Mes fouilles d&rsquo;Antino&euml;. De Tha&iuml;s &agrave; Leuky&ocirc;n&eacute;.&rdquo; La Renaissance latine 15 (August): 489-504.&bull; Gayet, A. 1902e. L&rsquo;exploration des n&eacute;cropoles gr&eacute;co-byzantines d&rsquo;Antino&euml; et les sarcophages de tombes pharaoniques de la ville antique.&rdquo; Annales du Mus&eacute;e 30, 2: 25-46 and pl. I and XX.&bull; Gayet, A. 1902f. &ldquo;Les fouilles d&rsquo;Antino&eacute;.&rdquo; Le monde moderne 16, 2 (July): 47-62.&bull; Gayet, A. 1903a. Notice des objets recueillis &agrave; Antino&eacute; pendant les fouilles de 1902-1903 et expos&eacute;s au Mus&eacute;e Guimet du 7 juin au 7 juillet 1903. Paris: E. Leroux&bull; Gayet, A. 1903b. &ldquo;Les nouvelles fouilles d&rsquo;Antino&eacute;.&rdquo; Revue de l&rsquo;art ancien et moderne 14, 76: 75-83.&bull; Gayet, A. 1903c. &ldquo;Nouveaux documents relatifs &agrave; la s&eacute;pulture de Tha&iuml;s d&rsquo;Antino&eacute; (fouilles de 1903).&rdquo; La revue 45 (June): 663-670.&bull; Gayet, A. 1903d. L&rsquo;exploration des n&eacute;cropoles de la montagne d&rsquo;Antino&euml; (fouilles ex&eacute;cut&eacute;es en 1901-1902).&rdquo; Annales du Mus&eacute;e 30, 3: 115-140 and pl. I to XI.&bull; Gayet, A. 1903e. &ldquo;La civilisation byzantine en &Eacute;gypte.&rdquo; La Renaissance latine (15 August): 456-473.&bull; Gayet, A. 1903f. &ldquo;La s&eacute;pulture de Mythris et les origines de la magie gr&eacute;co-romaine.&rdquo; La revue 47 (1 November): 327-340.&bull; Gayet, A. 1904a. Fant&ocirc;mes d&rsquo;Antino&euml;. Les s&eacute;pultures de Leukyon&eacute; et Mythris. Paris: Soci&eacute;t&eacute; fran&ccedil;aise d&rsquo;&eacute;ditions d&rsquo;art.&bull; Gayet, A. 1904b. &ldquo;Coins d&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte ignor&eacute;s. Antino&euml;, visions pa&iuml;ennes et chr&eacute;tiennes.&rdquo; Le tour du monde 10, 23: 265-276.&bull; Gayet, A. 1904c. &ldquo;Ma neuvi&egrave;me campagne de fouilles &agrave; Antino&euml;.&rdquo; Le carnet (October): 58-69.&bull; Gayet, A. 1904d. &ldquo;Les acteurs des jeux olympiques d&rsquo;Antino&euml;.&rdquo; La Renaissance latine (15 October): 151:164.&bull; Gayet, A. 1904e. &ldquo;Les derni&egrave;res d&eacute;couvertes arch&eacute;ologiques faites en &Eacute;gypte et le th&eacute;&acirc;tre de marionnettes d&rsquo;Antino&euml;.&rdquo; La revue 52 (15 October): 420-430.&bull; Gayet, A. 1905a. Coins d&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte ignor&eacute;s. Paris: Plon-Nourrit &amp; Cie.&bull; Gayet, A. 1905b. &ldquo;Mes derni&egrave;res d&eacute;couvertes d&rsquo;Antino&euml;. Les collections d&rsquo;Antino&euml; &agrave; l&rsquo;exposition de la Soci&eacute;t&eacute; fran&ccedil;aise des fouilles arch&eacute;ologiques au Petit-Palais.&rdquo; La revue 56 (15 June): 489-496.&bull; Gayet, A. 1905c. &ldquo;Les fouilles d&rsquo;Antino&eacute; (1904-1905).&rdquo; La nature 1681 (12 August): 167-170.&bull; Gayet, A. 1905d. &ldquo;Visions d&rsquo;&eacute;legances dans les solitudes. Comment j&rsquo;ai v&eacute;cu parmi les mortes!&rdquo; La femme d&rsquo;aujourd&rsquo;hui (August): 279-289.&bull; Gayet, A. 1906a. &ldquo;Slythias d&rsquo;Antino&euml;. Rituel de l&rsquo;habillage des images divines.&rdquo; La revue 61 (15 March): 163-176.&bull; Gayet, A. 1906b. &ldquo;Ma onzi&egrave;me campagne de fouilles &agrave; Antino&euml;. La favorite d&rsquo;Antino&uuml;s.&rdquo; La nouvelle revue 42 (15 October): 433-447.&bull; Gayet, A. 1906c. &ldquo;Fouilles d&rsquo;Antino&eacute;: &agrave; la recherche des tombes patriciennes.&rdquo; &Agrave; travers le monde 42 (20 October): 329-332.&bull; Gayet, A. 1906d. &ldquo;&Agrave; travers les n&eacute;cropoles d&rsquo;Antino&eacute;.&rdquo; Le monde moderne: 701-712.&bull; Gayet, A. 1907a. Fouilles de 1906-1907. Notice des objects recueillis &agrave; Antino&eacute; et expos&eacute;s au Mus&eacute;e-Guimet du 23 mai au 23 juin 1907. Paris: E. Leroux&bull; Gayet, A. 1907b. &ldquo;Ma douzi&egrave;me campagne de fouilles d&rsquo;Antino&euml;.&rdquo; La revue illustr&eacute;e 17: 535-544.&bull; Gayet, A. 1907c. &ldquo;Le cult bachique &agrave; Antino&eacute;.&rdquo; Annales du Mus&eacute;e, Biblioth&egrave;que de Vulgarisation 25: 159-192.&bull; Gayet, A. 1908a. &ldquo;Exposition temporaire au Mus&eacute;e Guimet (27 mai-31 juillet 1908). Catalogue &ndash; Fouilles d&rsquo;Antino&eacute; en 1908.&rdquo; Annales du Mus&eacute;e Guimet, Biblioth&egrave;que de Vulgarisation 27.&bull; Gayet, A. 1908b. &ldquo;Les portraits d&rsquo;Antino&euml;.&rdquo; Gazette des beaux-arts 39, 1 (February): 121-134.&bull; Gayet, A. 1908c. &ldquo;Les derni&egrave;res d&eacute;couvertes arch&eacute;ologiques en &Eacute;gypte.&rdquo; Le Mercure de France 73, 264 (16 June): 633-645.&bull; Gayet, A. 908d. &ldquo;Ce qui a &eacute;t&eacute; fait &agrave; Antino&euml;, ce qu&rsquo;il reste &agrave; faire.&rdquo; L&rsquo;Instantan&eacute; 29 (18 July): 305-320.&bull; Gayet, A. 1908e. &ldquo;Le destin, la divination &eacute;gyptienne et l&rsquo;oracle d&rsquo;Antino&uuml;s.&rdquo; Annales du Mus&eacute;e, Biblioth&egrave;que de Vulgarisation 30: 53-96.&bull; Gayet, A. 1909a. &ldquo;Les derni&egrave;res d&eacute;couvertes arch&eacute;ologiques en &Eacute;gypte.&rdquo; Le Mercure de France 79: 456-466.&bull; Gayet, A. 1909b. &ldquo;Dans les ombres magiques du pass&eacute;.&rdquo; Je sais tout 59 (15 December): 597-608.&bull; Gayet, A. 1910. &ldquo;Les r&eacute;sultats de ma quinzi&egrave;me campagne de fouilles &agrave; Antino&euml;.&rdquo; La revue du temps pr&eacute;sent 2 (August): 85-105.&bull; Gayet, A. 1911a. &ldquo;&Eacute;leusis d&rsquo;Alexandrie et les mystes d&rsquo;Antino&euml;.&rdquo; La revue du temps pr&eacute;sent (2 March): 209-226.&bull; Gayet, A. 1911b. &ldquo;Les fouilles d&rsquo;Antino&euml;. 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Apropos a Recent Discovery.&rdquo; Orientalia Suecana 12: 2-36.&bull; Ghica, V. 2012. &ldquo;Pour une histoire du christianisme dans le d&eacute;sert Occidental d&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte.&rdquo; Journal des Savants 2: 189-280.&bull; Ghica, V. 2016. &ldquo;Vecteurs de la christianisation de l&rsquo;&Eacute;gypte au IVe si&egrave;cle &agrave; la lumi&egrave;re des sources arch&eacute;ologiques.&rdquo; In Acta XVI Congressus Internationalis Archaeologiae Christianae, Rome 22-28.9.2013, edited by O. Brandt and G. Castiglia, 247-249. Citt&agrave; del Vaticano: Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana.&bull; Giroire, C. 1997. &ldquo;Tissage aux cartons &agrave; Antino&eacute;.&rdquo; Bulletin de liaison du Cieta 74: 6-17.&bull; Grenier, J.-C. and F. Coarelli. 1986. &ldquo;La tombe d&rsquo;Antino&uuml;s &agrave; Rome.&rdquo; M&eacute;langes d&rsquo;arch&eacute;ologie et d&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;&Eacute;cole fran&ccedil;aise de Rome. Antiquit&eacute; 98, 1: 217-253.&bull; Grimm, A., D. 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Papers in English and French at the First International Coptic Studies Conference (Part II). Life in Egypt during the Coptic Period \"Towns and Villages, Laymen and Clergy, Bishops and Dioceses\". Bibliotheca Alexandrina Center for Calligraphy Studies, 21-23 September 2010 (Studies in Calligraphy and Writings 19), edited by L. Mahmoud and A. Mansour, &nbsp;31-42. Alexandria: Bibliotheca Alexandrina.&bull; Grossmann, P. and S. Donadoni. 1991. &ldquo;Antinoopolis: Architecture.&rdquo; in The Coptic Encyclopedia, edited by A.S. Atiya, 146-148. New York: Macmillan.&bull; Grossmann, P. and E. R. O&rsquo;Connell. 2009. &ldquo;Antinoopolis Oktober 2009 Vorl&auml;ufiger bericht &uuml;ber die arbeiten in der Nordnekropole.&rdquo; Aegyptus 89: 277-298.&bull; Guerrini, L. 1974. &ldquo;Materialia ceramici.&rdquo; In Antinoe (1965-1968) Missione Archeologica in Egitto dell&rsquo;Universit&agrave; di Roma, edited by S. Donadoni, 69-113, fig. 15-66 and pl. XXVI-XLIX. Rome: Istituto di studi del Vicino oriente.&bull; Guerrini, L. 1974. &ldquo;Breve nota su alcuni capitelli di Antinoe.&rdquo; In Antinoe (1965-1968) Missione Archeologica in Egitto dell&rsquo;Universit&agrave; di Roma, edited by S. Donadoni, 115-117 and pl. L-LIII. Rome: Istituto di studi del Vicino oriente.&bull; Guidotti, M. C. 2008. &ldquo;La ceramica del K&ocirc;m IIA ad Antinoe.&rdquo; In Antinoupolis I, edited by R. Pintaudi and G. Bastianini, 293-418. Florence: Istituto Papirologico &ldquo;G. Vitelli&rdquo;.&bull; Guidotti, M.C. &nbsp;2012. &rdquo;I reperti da Antinoe nel Museo Egizio di Firenze&rdquo;. Rivista di Studi Orientali 85, 1-4: 305-312.&bull; Guidotti, M. C. 2017. &ldquo;La ceramica dalla chiesa D2 nella citt&agrave; di Antinoe.&rdquo; In Antinoupolis III, edited by R. Pintaudi, 45-112. Florence: Florence University Press.&bull; Guidotti, M. C. and L. Pesi. 2004. La ceramica da Antinoe nell&rsquo;Istituto Papirologico &ldquo;G. Vitelli&rdquo;. 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I.&bull; Guimet, &Eacute;. 1905. &ldquo;Les R&eacute;centes D&eacute;couvertes Arch&eacute;ologiques Faites en &Eacute;gypte.&rdquo; Annales du Mus&eacute;e, Biblioth&egrave;que de Vulgarisation 17: 35-91.&bull; Guimet, &Eacute;. 1908. &ldquo;Les Chr&eacute;tiens d&rsquo;Antino&euml;.&rdquo; In Transactions of the Third International Congress for the History of Religions, 301-303. Oxford: Clarendon Press.&bull; Guimet, &Eacute;. 1912a. &ldquo;Les Portraits d&rsquo;Antino&eacute; au Mus&eacute;e Guimet I.&rdquo; Annales du Mus&eacute;e, Biblioth&egrave;que d&rsquo;Art 5: 1-22 and pl. I to XIII.&bull; Guimet, &Eacute;. 1912b. &ldquo;Les Portraits d&rsquo;Antino&eacute; au Mus&eacute;e Guimet II.&rdquo; Annales du Mus&eacute;e, Biblioth&egrave;que d&rsquo;Art 5: 23-40 and pl. XIV to XLVII.&bull; Harrauer, H. and R. Pintaudi. 2008. &ldquo;Un papiro figurato da Antinoe.&rdquo; In Antinoupolis I, edited by R. Pintaudi and G. Bastianini, 101-106. Florence: Istituto Papirologico &ldquo;G. Vitelli&rdquo;.&bull; Heidel, J. B. 2014. &ldquo;The Monastery of Deir el Hawa and Associated Features, Architectural Study.&rdquo; In Antinoupolis II, edited by R. Pintaudi, 301-354. Florence: Florence University Press.&bull; Heidel, J. B. 2017. &ldquo;Reused Ionic Columns in the D3 Church at Antinoupolis.&rdquo; In Antinoupolis III, edited by R. Pintaudi, 509-520. Florence: Florence University Press.&bull; Hoskins, N. A. 2004. The Coptic Tapastry Albums and the Archaeologist of Antino&eacute;, Albert Gayet. Seattle: University of Washington Press.&bull; Huelsen, C. 1896. &ldquo;Das Grab des Antinous.&rdquo; R&ouml;minische Historische Mitteilungen 11: 122-130.&bull; Ibrahim, S. A. E. K., H. Harrauer and R. Pintaudi. 2017. &ldquo;Ein Vollst&auml;andiges Antikes M&auml;nnergewand.&rdquo; In Antinoupolis III, edited by R. Pintaudi, 335-374. Florence: Florence University Press.&bull; Janot, F. 2011. 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                "external_links": [
                    {
                        "text": "Antinoupolis at the British Museum",
                        "url": "https:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/20190801112007\/https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/research\/research_projects\/all_current_projects\/antinoupolis.aspx"
                    }
                ],
                "authors": [
                    {
                        "author": "Angelo Colonna",
                        "year": "2020"
                    },
                    {
                        "author": "Victor Ghica",
                        "year": "2025"
                    },
                    {
                        "author": "Rhiannon Williams",
                        "year": "2020"
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}