{
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "name": "site",
    "crs": {
        "type": "name",
        "properties": {
            "name": "EPSG:4326"
        }
    },
    "features": [
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Point",
                "coordinates": [
                    30.833549,
                    29.322498
                ]
            },
            "properties": {
                "id": 33,
                "site_uri": "https:\/\/4care-skos.mf.no\/site\/33",
                "modern_name": "Mad\u012bnat al-Fayy\u016bm",
                "ancient_name": "Arsinoit\u014dn polis",
                "typology": "city",
                "date_from": 0,
                "date_to": 0,
                "dating_criteria": "",
                "place_names": [
                    {
                        "language": "Egyptian",
                        "pl_name": "\u0160dt | \u0160ty | \ua723rsyn\ua723"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Greek",
                        "pl_name": "\u039a\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 | \u03a0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1\u1f76\u03c2 \u0395\u1f50\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 | \u1f08\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 | \u1f08\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Latin",
                        "pl_name": "Arsinoe | Crialon"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Coptic",
                        "pl_name": "peiom polis | peiom | piam | piwm | viom"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Arabic",
                        "pl_name": "\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 | \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "English",
                        "pl_name": "Medinet el-Fayum | Arsinoe"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "French",
                        "pl_name": "Medinet el-Fayoum | Arsino\u00e9 | Crocodilopolis "
                    }
                ],
                "trismegistos_uri": "https:\/\/www.trismegistos.org\/place\/327",
                "pleiades_uri": "https:\/\/pleiades.stoa.org\/places\/736948",
                "paths_uri": "https:\/\/atlas.paths-erc.eu\/places\/33",
                "description": "Km\u0101n F\u0101ris, known as Shedat and Krokodilopolis in antiquity, is situated in the area of, and is predominantly covered by, the modern-day town of Mad\u012bnat al-Fayy\u016bm. The site is best known with regards to the large quantities of papyri which have been discovered here in the 19th and 20th centuries (Davoli 1998: 150). The Christian tradition of the site goes back as far as the middle of the second century CE, while attestations of bishops begin from the late third century CE (Timm 1984-1992: 1506). Fourth-century material remnants of Christianity are, however, extremely limited, restricted to two papyri (Michigan Ms. 136 and P.Lond.Copt. I 523). No churches are known from the site, though this is in no way surprising given the haphazard history of archaeological investigations coupled with the extensive expansion of the modern settlement (and associated agricultural development), which has resulted in the drastic reduction of the archaeological area from 2.8km2 in 1887 to a few tens of meters in the late 1990s, and even less today (Davoli 1998: 149-150). Consequently, only little is known about the urban layout of the city, which is understood to have operated as the largest and most important of the Fayy\u016bm in antiquity. For a comprehensive summation of the known monuments, see Davoli 1998.",
                "archaeological_research": "The site was visited by numerous early travellers, including R. D. Vansleb, P. Lucas, E. Jomard, and G. B. Belzoni, but none of them left informative descriptions that could shed light on the now-obstructed features of the site (Vansleb 1677: 253-264; Lucas 1724: 144-146; also Davoli 1998: 149). The first known excavation work was instigated by J. J. Rifaud in 1823-4, which resulted in several plans and drawings that give an idea of the complex stratigraphy of the site (Rifaud 1829; Id. 1810; Vercoutter 1992, p. 26). Later, in 1843, the site was visited by K. R. Lepsius, though it is presumed that he did not excavate (Davoli 1998: 149). This was then followed by the excavations of L. Vassalli in 1862, but there is very limited associated published material (Vassalli 1867), followed by those of G. Schweinfurth, who published an overview of the current state of knowledge, as well as the topography of the archaeological area. This included the first plan of the site, which remains to this day the only cartographic evidence of the ruins (Schweinfurth 1886: 184; id 1887; Davoli 1998: 150, fig. 68). This was then followed by a brief mission directed by W. M. F. Petrie, who concentrated on the temple area (Petrie 1889: 3, 56-59, pl. XXIX). Several Egyptian archaeological missions were conducted in the mid- and late-20th century, including that directed by M. Mohsen el-Khashab (Leclant 1967: 191, figs. 21-23; El-Khashab 1978: 65-67, plan III, pls. 55-59), F. Yacoub (Yacoub 1968), and later in the 1980s (Leclant 1984: 369), but only limited information is known regarding these missions. In 1964-1965, the Institute of Papyrology of the University of Florence conducted a brief mission, directed by S. Bottico, of which, again, only little is known (Manfredi 1965; Leclant 1966: 139-140). Experimental geo-magnetic research was conducted in the 1980s at three sectors of the now very small site by A. G. Hussain (Hussain 1983: 42-49). And finally, the local inspectorate of the SCA conducted further archaeological as well as restoration work in February 1996 (Davoli 1998: 153, n. 238). It is very likely that additional work by the SCA has been carried out since then, though there is no associated published information as far as we are aware. In addition to these official missions, numerous other monuments came to light (particularly throughout the 20th century) as the result of local digging to obtain sebakh (Davoli 1998: 152).",
                "bibliography": "\u2022\u00a0Belzoni, G. B. 1988. Viaggi in Egitto ed in Nubia, ed. A. Siliotti. Firenze: Arte e Natura libri.\u2022 Bingen, J. 1955. \u201cAnses d\u2019amphores de Crocodilopolis-Arsino\u00e9.\u201d Chronique d\u2019\u00c9gypte 30: 130-133.\u2022 Daris, S. 1981. \u201cI quartieri di Arsinoe in et\u00e0 romana.\u201d Aegyptus 61: 143-154.\u2022\u00a0Davoli, P. 1998. L\u2019archeologia urbana nel Fayyum di et\u00e0 ellenistica e romana, 149-159. Napoli: G. Procaccini.\u2022\u00a0El-Khashab, A. E.-M. 1978. \u03a4\u0391 \u03a3\u0391\u03a1\u0391\u03a0\u0395\u0399\u0391 \u00e0 Sakha et au Fayum ou les bains th\u00e9rapeutiques. Cairo: Service des antiquit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9gypte.\u2022 Empereur, J.-Y. 1977. \u201cTimbres amphoriques de Crocodilopolis-Arsino\u00e9.\u201d Bulletin de l\u2019Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale 77: 197-233. \u00a0\u2022 Habachi, L. 1955. \u201cA Strange Monument of the Ptolemaic Period from Crocodilopolis.\u201d Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 41: 106-111.\u2022 Hussain, A. G. 1981. \u201cMagnetic Prospecting for Archaeology in Kom Oshim and Kiman Faris, Fayoum, Egypt.\u201d Zeitschrift f\u00fcr \u00e4gyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 110: 36-51.\u2022 Jomard, E. 1809. \u201cM\u00e9moire sur le lac de Moeris, compar\u00e9 au lac du Fayoum.\u201d In D\u00e9scription de l\u2019\u00c9gypte. Antiquit\u00e9s, M\u00e9moires I. Paris.\u2022 Jomard, E. 1821. \u201cD\u00e9scription des antiquit\u00e9s du nome Arsinoite, aujourd\u2019hui le Fayoum.\u201d In D\u00e9scription de l\u2019\u00c9gypte. Antiquit\u00e9s, descriptions IV. Paris.\u2022\u00a0Kiessling, E. 1933. \u201cZum Kult der Arsinoe im Fayum.\u201d Aegyptus 13: 542-546.\u2022 Lefebvre, G. 1908. \u201c\u00c9gypte gr\u00e9co-romaine. I. Crocodilopolis.\u201d\u00a0Annales du Service des antiquit\u00e9s de l\u02bc\u00c9gypte 9: 231-242.\u2022 Lefebvre, G. 1910. \u201c\u00c9gypte gr\u00e9co-romaine. II. Crocodilopolis et Th\u00e9adelphie.\u201d Annales du Service des antiquit\u00e9s de l\u02bc\u00c9gypte 10: 155-172.\u2022 Lefebvre, G. 1914. \u201c\u00c9gypte gr\u00e9co-romaine. III.\u201d Annales du Service des antiquit\u00e9s de l\u02bc\u00c9gypte 13: 87-108.\u2022 Lucas, P. 1724. Voyage du sieur Paul Lucas, fait en M. DCCXIV, par ordre de Louis XIV dans la Turquie, l\u2019Asie, Sourie, Palestine, Haute et Basse \u00c9gypte, III. Paris: Nicolas Simart. \u2022 Petrie, W. M. F. 1889. Hawara, Biahmu and Arsino\u00eb. London: Feld & Tuer, The Leadenhall Press.\u2022 Rifaud, J. J. 1829. \u201cDescription des fouilles et des d\u00e9couvertes faites par M. Rifaud dans la partie est de la Butte Koum-Medinet-el-Far\u00e8s, accompagn\u00e9e du dessin, des coupes et du plan des constructions inf\u00e9rieures, lue \u00e0 la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de G\u00e9ographie le vendredi 19 juin 1829.\u201d Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de g\u00e9ographie 12: 73-90.\u2022 Rifaud, J. J. 1830. Voyage en \u00c9gypte, en Nubie et lieux circonvoisins depuis 1805 jusqu\u2019en 1827. Paris: Treuttel et W\u00fcrtz.\u2022\u00a0Schweinfurth, G. 1886. \u201cReise in das Depressionsgebiet im Umkreise des Faj\u00fcm im January 1886.\u201d Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Erdkunde 21: 96-149.\u2022\u00a0Schweinfurth, G. 1887. \u201cZur Topographie de Ruinenst\u00e4te.\u201d Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Erdkunde 22: 54-79.\u2022\u00a0Timm, S. ed. 1984-1992. Das Christliche-Koptische \u00c4gypten in Arabischer Zeit: Eine Sammlung Christicher St\u00e4tten in \u00c4gypten in Arabischer Zeit unter Ausschyss von Alexandria, Kairo, des Apa-Mena-Klosters (D\u0113r Abu Mina), der Sk\u0113tis (W\u0101di n-Na\u1e6dr\u016bn) und der Sinai-Region. Vol. 4: 1506-1525. Weisbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert.\u2022\u00a0Vansleb, R. D. 1677. Nouvelle relation en forme de journal d\u2019un voyage fait en \u00c9gypte en 1672 et 1673. Paris: Estienne Michallet.\u2022 Vassalli, L. 1867. I monumenti istorici egizi. Il Museo e gli scavi d\u2019antichit\u00e0 eseguiti per ordine di S. A. il Vicer\u00e8 Ismail Pascia. Milan: Tipografia Guglielmini. \u2022\u00a0Vercoutter, J. 1992. L\u2019Antico Egitto. Archeologia di una civilt\u00e0. Milan: Gallimard-Electa.\u2022 Wessely, C. 1903. Die Stadt Arsino\u00eb (Krokodilopolis) in griechischer Zeit. Vienna: Carl Gerold's Sohn.\u2022 Yacoub, F. 1968. \u201cA Private Bath Discovered at K\u00eem\u00e2n-F\u00e2ris, Fay\u00fbm.\u201d Annales du Service des antiquit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9gypte 60: 55-56.\r\n ",
                "external_links": [],
                "authors": [
                    {
                        "author": "Rhiannon Williams",
                        "year": "2022"
                    },
                    {
                        "author": "Victor Ghica",
                        "year": "2020"
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}