{
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "name": "site",
    "crs": {
        "type": "name",
        "properties": {
            "name": "EPSG:4326"
        }
    },
    "features": [
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Point",
                "coordinates": [
                    30.620162,
                    24.548282
                ]
            },
            "properties": {
                "id": 36,
                "site_uri": "https:\/\/4care-skos.mf.no\/site\/36",
                "modern_name": "\u02bfAyn al-W\u0101qifa",
                "ancient_name": "Pege Sykamineia",
                "typology": "village",
                "date_from": 0,
                "date_to": 380,
                "dating_criteria": "Analysis of surface ceramic; palaeography and prosopography of O.Waqfa.",
                "place_names": [
                    {
                        "language": "Greek",
                        "pl_name": " \u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u1f74 \u03a3\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Arabic",
                        "pl_name": "\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0629"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "English",
                        "pl_name": "Ain Waqfa"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "French",
                        "pl_name": "A\u00efn Waqfa"
                    }
                ],
                "trismegistos_uri": "https:\/\/www.trismegistos.org\/place\/2730",
                "pleiades_uri": "https:\/\/pleiades.stoa.org\/places\/776214",
                "paths_uri": "",
                "description": "\u02bfAyn al-W\u0101qifa (lit. \"the dried-out well\") is located 10km W\/S-W of D\u016b\u0161, and 16km S of B\u0101r\u012bs (Ghica 2012: 215; Wagner 1987: 186). The site, which consists of a few dozen structures levelled by the elements, is dated by the surface ceramic between the first and the fifth centuries CE, although one sector of the site (KS014LA) presents traces of palaeolithic occupation (http:\/\/4care-skos.mf.no\/skos\/195\/). The ostraca found during the excavations carried out on the site provide, however, a clearer picture of the last occupation, at least in the excavated area. While the editors of O.Waqfa (Wagner 1987: 186; Cuvigny, Hussein and Wagner 1993: 12, 15) had already pointed in this direction, the prosopography, which denotes an organic connection between O.Waqfa and O.Douch, suggests that the former are to be dated \u2013 as the latter \u2013 in the 370s-380s. Earlier foundations underneath House D, where most of these ostraca were found, however, are much thicker than the walls of the current structure, implying the existence of an earlier building (Cuvigny, Hussein and Wagner 1993: 13). As mentioned above, the ceramic assemblages have a fairly wide chronological range, from the first to the fifth centuries AD, with the highest concentration in the fourth and fifth centuries (Ghica 2012: 216). Located at the intersection between the Darb al-Arba\u02bf\u012bn and the Darb al-D\u016b\u0161, the village is suggested to have perhaps been a checkpoint on the caravan route leading to Darfur, in western Sudan (Cuvigny, Hussein and Wagner 1993: 11).\r\nFour houses, designated Houses A, B, G and D, were uncovered in the first season of excavation, as well as a number of artefacts, including 85 ostraca (82 Greek and 3 Coptic), ceramic assemblages, terracotta oil lamps, 10 pieces of wood with Greek inscriptions, bronze coins, and a number of small fragments of Greek papyrus (Cuvigny, Hussein and Wagner 1993: 14). These ostraca are of particular importance, providing details regarding land-use, the army, the village\u2019s close connections with D\u016b\u0161 (ancient Kysis), as well as the Christian presence in the village. This last factor is indicated by the mention of three priests, who are presented as taxpayers or intermediaries, engaged in agricultural activities (Cuvigny, Hussein and Wagner 1993: 17, 26 and 27). Additional indicators of Christianity can be seen through a series of typically Christian anthroponyms (Ghica 2012: 216).",
                "archaeological_research": "The only archaeological research to have been conducted at the site was two seasons of excavation carried out by the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA), in 1986 and 1988-89. A brief summary of the first season accompanies the edition of ostraca, authored by H. Cuvigny, A. Hussein and G. Wagner (1993: 11-14).",
                "bibliography": "\u2022 Cuvigny, H., A. Hussein and G. Wagner. 1993. Les ostraca grecs d'A\u00efn Waqfa (Oasis de Kharga). Cairo: Institut fran\u00e7ais d'arch\u00e9ologie orientale.\u2022 Gascou, J. and G. Wagner. 1979. \u201dDeux voyages arch\u00e9ologiques dans l\u2019Oasis de Khargeh.\u201d Bulletin de l\u2019Institut fran\u00e7ais d'arch\u00e9ologie orientale 79: 10.\u2022 Ghica, V. 2012. \u201cPour une histoire du christianisme dans le D\u00e9sert occidental d\u2019\u00c9gypte.\u201d Journal des savants 2: 189-280.\u2022 Ghica, V. 2016. \u201cVecteurs de la christianisation de l\u2019Egypte au IVe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re des sources arch\u00e9ologiques.\u201d In Acta XVI Congressus Internationalis Archaeologiae Christianae, Rome 22-28.9.2013, edited by O. Brandt and G. Castiglia, 240. Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano: Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana.\u2022 Wagner, G. 1987. Les Oasis d\u2019\u00c9gypte \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque grecque, romaine et byzantine d\u2019apr\u00e8s les documents grecs: Recherches de papyrologie et d\u2019\u00e9pigraphie grecques, 186. Cairo: Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale.",
                "external_links": [
                    {
                        "text": "South Kharga Oasis Survey Database",
                        "url": "https:\/\/4care-skos.mf.no\/skos\/195\/"
                    },
                    {
                        "text": "South Kharga Oasis Survey Database",
                        "url": "https:\/\/4care-skos.mf.no\/skos\/102\/"
                    }
                ],
                "authors": [
                    {
                        "author": "Rhiannon Williams",
                        "year": "2020"
                    },
                    {
                        "author": "Victor Ghica ",
                        "year": "2020"
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}