{
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "name": "site",
    "crs": {
        "type": "name",
        "properties": {
            "name": "EPSG:4326"
        }
    },
    "features": [
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Point",
                "coordinates": [
                    30.420885,
                    29.40623
                ]
            },
            "properties": {
                "id": 50,
                "site_uri": "https:\/\/4care-skos.mf.no\/site\/50",
                "modern_name": "Qa\u1e63r Q\u0101r\u016bn",
                "ancient_name": "Dionysias",
                "typology": "village",
                "date_from": -229,
                "date_to": 640,
                "dating_criteria": "Papyrological documentation (the three archives of Flavius Abbinaeus, Gemellus, and Heroninus) and six fragmentary inscriptions (R\u00f6mer 2019: 277-279). The earliest document related to Dionysias is P.LilleDem. 110, dated to 229\/228 BCE, in which the village is called \u201cthe new village\u201d. The latest, dated to 640-699, is P.Laur. III 93 (TM 37305), which contains references to village heads (\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2) of a village called Dionysias, possibly the same location. The latter document is the only late attestation for this part of the Fayy\u016bm.",
                "place_names": [
                    {
                        "language": "Egyptian",
                        "pl_name": "P\u021d-dm\u1ec9-n-m\u021dy | P\u021d-dm\u1ec9-m\u021dy"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Greek",
                        "pl_name": " \u0394\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Latin",
                        "pl_name": " Dionisias"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Arabic",
                        "pl_name": "\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "English",
                        "pl_name": "Dionysias | Qasr Qar\u00fbn | Kesr Keroun"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "French",
                        "pl_name": "Qasr Qaroun"
                    }
                ],
                "trismegistos_uri": "https:\/\/www.trismegistos.org\/place\/565",
                "pleiades_uri": "https:\/\/pleiades.stoa.org\/places\/736904",
                "paths_uri": "https:\/\/atlas.paths-erc.eu\/places\/119",
                "description": "The site of Dionysias is situated in the western end of the Fayy\u016bm, 3.5km from the salt-lake of Birkat Q\u0101r\u016bn, the modern remnants of the ancient Moeris Lake. The site is also known as Qa\u1e63r Q\u0101r\u016bn, which is the name of a modern village located nearby. The town was founded in the Ptolemaic period and is understood to have been occupied up until the sixth century.\r\nOnly a limited number of buildings are preserved to a height greater than a meter and a half, greatly limiting understandings of the urban planning of the site (Davoli 1998: 301). As of 2009, the Dionysias Archaeological Project, directed by Emanuele Papi, has helped to resolve this, with remote sensing technology assisting in mapping the settlement. The features recognisable on the ground include a stone kiosk, a brick building thought to have been a Roman mausoleum and a thermal-like structure (Schwartz, 1950: 6). The most renowned features of the settlement, however, are a Ptolemaic temple dedicated to the crocodile god Sobek and a Roman fort built under the Tetrarchy which housed, according to the Notitia Dignitatum, the ala quinta praelectorum (Schwartz et al. 1969: 85, fig. 1; O\u2019Connell, 2018: 488; P. Flor. I, 30, 5-6).",
                "archaeological_research": "Unlike other sites in the Fayy\u016bm, Dionysias received relatively limited attention by early explorers and archaeologists. A number of travelers visited the site between the 18th and 19th centuries, specifically the temple, including N. Granger, P. Lucas, R. Pococke, G. B. Belzoni, G. Schweinfurth and K. R. Lepsius (see Cestari, 2010: 19-32 for a more detailed history). The first \u2018scientific\u2019 exploration was by members of Napoleon\u2019s scientific team, particularly Jomard, who provided a description and drawings of the temple (Jomard, 1821: 437-527). Grenfell and Hunt visited the site briefly in 1898-1899, where they searched in vain for papyri. It is not known specifically where they searched (Grenfell, Hunt and Hogarth, 1900: 63).\r\nThe only actual archaeological excavations to have taken place so far were those of a joint Franco-Swiss mission (University of Geneva and the Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale) in 1948 and 1950, led by J. Schwartz and H. Wild. As can be expected, the excavators did not prioritise stratigraphy. Restoration work of the Roman temple was carried out by Ibrah\u012bm \u02bfAbd al-\u02bfAz\u012bz and \u1e6caha al-\u0160iltaw\u012b on behalf of the Service of Antiquities in 1957 (Davoli, 1998: 309; Leclant, 1961: 176). The Supreme Council of Antiquities is understood to have conducted some excavations, but nothing is known, let alone published.\r\nIn 2009, the University of Siena initiated work for the Dionysias Archaeological Project, directed by Emanuele Papi. The project, which had campaigns in 2009, 2010 and 2012, utilised various non-invasive methods, including remote sensing technologies, topographical, magnetic and geophysical surveys, so as to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the developmental progression of the urban plan of the site, particularly in light of Greco-Roman influence. This project enabled a detailed reconstruction of the settlement, with some 16 hectares prospected.\r\nIn an area between the fortress and the temple, at the northern limit of the settlement, hundreds of terracotta moulds were found totaling to some 15000, used for the casting of coins (Schwartz, 1950: 39-48). These moulds have recently become the focus of an IFAO project led by P. -M. Guihard, J. Chameroy and G. Blanchet.",
                "bibliography": "\u2022\u00a0Abdelaal, S., J.-M. Vallet, J. Bethonneau, G. Mhagoub and E. Ali. 2014. \u201cDegradation of Engraved Stone and Renders from Qasr Qarun Temple in Fayoum Oasis, Egypt.\u201d In Proceedings of the International Conference on Conservation of Stone and Earthen Architectural Heritage 2014, ICOMOS-ISCS International Conference. 171-180. Gongju: The Graduate School of Cultural heritage Kongju National University.\u2022\u00a0Audebeau, C. 1917. \u201cLes toitures du temple de Kasr-el-Karoun. La ville d\u00e9truite environnant le sanctuaire et le lac Karoun.\u201d Bulletin de l\u2019Institut d\u2019\u00c9gypte 11: 171-194.\u2022\u00a0Belzoni, G. B. 1988. Viaggi in Egitto ed in Nubia, edited by A. Siliotti. Firenze: Arte e Natura libri.\u2022 Bigi, L. 2015. \u201cLa produzione di olio nel Fayyum di et\u00e0 romana: le nuove richerche dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 di Siena a Dionysias (Qasr Qarun, Fayyum \u2013 Egitto).\u201d In Archeologi in Progress: il cantiere dell\u2019archeologia di domani, edited by R. Brancato, G. Busacca and M. Massimino, 233-244. Bologna: BraDypUS Editore. \u2022 Brouwers, K. 2010. \u201cFlavius Abinnaeus and His Ala V Praelectorum. A Study of Cultural Contact at the 4th Century Auxiliary-Fortress of Dionysias, Egypt.\u201d Unpublished M.A. Dissertation, Leiden University.\u2022 Camporeale, S. 2011. \u201cMethods for the Study of the Building Techniques and the \u201cBuilt Environment\u201d: The Example of Dionysias.\u201d In Natural and Cultural Landscapes in the Fayoum. The Safeguarding and Management of Archaeological Sites and Natural Environments. Proceedings of the International Colloquium 31st October \u2013 2nd November 2010, edited by R. Pirelli, 95-105. 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Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing.\u2022\u00a0Carri\u00e9, J.-M. 1974. \u201cLes Castra Dionysiados et l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019architecture militaire romaine tardive.\u201d M\u00e9langes de l\u2019\u00c9cole fran\u00e7aise de Rome 86\/2: 819-850.\u2022\u00a0Cavenaile, R. 1969. \u201cDionysias-les-Mines (Fayoum).\u201d Studia Papyrologica 8: 7-35.\u2022 Cestari, I. 2010. Villaggi dell\u2019antico Egitto 3. Dionysias. Imola: La Mandragora.\u2022 Chameroy, J. 2009. \u201cM\u00fcnzgussformen und M\u00fcnzreformen in \u00c4gypten am Anfang des 4. Jahrunderts n. Chr.\u201d Jahrbuch f\u00fcr Numismatik und Geldgeschichte 59: 101-125.\u2022 Chameroy, J. and P.-M. Guihard. 2014. \u201cL\u2019officine de faux-monnayeurs de La Coulonche (Orne): nummi coul\u00e9s de la T\u00e9trarchie en Occident.\u201d Numismatic Chronicle 174: 153-191.\u2022 D\u2019Anville, J. B. 1766. M\u00e9moires sur l\u2019\u00c9gypte ancienne et moderne, suivis d\u2019une description du Golfe Arabique et de la mer Rouge. Paris: Imprimerie Royale.\u2022\u00a0Davoli, P. 1998. L\u2019archeologia urbana nel Fayyum di et\u00e0 ellenistica e romana. p. 301-311. Napoli: G. Procaccini.\u2022 Davoli, P. and M. Faisal. 2020. \u201cStone Archetypes for Inlay Molds and Molded Gypsum Case from Dionysias\/Qasr Qarun Temple.\u201d Studi di egittologia e di papirologia 17: 75-95.\u2022 De Cenival, F. 1980. \u201cCompte de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales de plusieurs villages du Fayoum: P.D\u00e9m.Lille 110 (Inv. Sorbonne 205 \u00e0 213).\u201d In Livre du centenaire (1880-1980), edited by J. Vercoutter. 193-203. Cairo: Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale.\u2022 Gad, U. 2010. \u201cThe Village of Dionysias in the Arsinoite Nome from the First to the Fourth Century A.D. in Light of Greek Papyri.\u201d Unpublished M.A. Dissertation, Ain Shams University.\u2022 Granger, N. 1745. Relation du voyage fait en \u00c9gypte par le sieur Granger, en l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1730. Paris: Jacques Vincent. \u2022 Grenfell, B. P., A. S. Hunt and D. G. Hogarth. 1900. Fay\u00fbm Towns and Their Papyri. London: Offices of the Egypt Exploration Fund.\u2022 Grossmann, P. 1995. \u201cEin sp\u00e4tantikes Mausoleum in Qa\u1e63r Qar\u016bn-Dionysias.\u201d Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie copte 34: 139-148.\u2022 Guihard, P.-M. 2019. \u201cLa fausse monnaie coul\u00e9e au d\u00e9but du IVe si\u00e8cle dans la vall\u00e9e du Nile (\u00c9gypte). \u00c9tat de la question.\u201d\u00a0In Money Matters: Coin Finds and Ancient Coin Use, edited by S. Krmnicek and J. Chameroy, 83-100. Bonn: Habelt Verlag.\u2022 Guihard, P.-M., J. Chameroy and G. Blanchet. 2019a. \u201cLes moules mon\u00e9taires de Qasr Qarun\/Dionysias: contrefaire la monnaie dans la vall\u00e9e du Nil au d\u00e9but du IVe si\u00e8cle.\u201d Suppl\u00e9ment au Bulletin de l\u2019Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale 119: 58-62.\u2022 Guihard, P.-M., J. Chameroy and G. Blanchet. 2019b. \u201cUn atelier de faux-monnayeurs en \u00c9gypte romaine.\u201d Archeologia 582: 48-53.\u2022 Hamouda, F. E. 2019. \u201c\u03a4\u1f70 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ba\u03c9\u03c1\u1f7b\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1, the Copper Mines in the Area of Dionysias.\u201d In The Fayoum Survey Project. The Themistou Meris. Vol A: The Archaeological and Papyrological Survey, edited by C. E. R\u00f6mer, 259-260. Leuven, Paris, Bristol: Peeters.\u2022 Jomard, E. 1821. \u201cDescription des antiquit\u00e9s du nome Arsinoite, aujourd\u2019hui le Fayoum.\u201d In Description de l\u2019\u00c9gypte ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites en Egypte pendant l\u2019exp\u00e9dition de l\u2019arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise, IV, 437-527. Paris: C. L. F. Panckoucke. \u2022 Karelin, D., T. Zhitpeleva and M. Karelina. 2015. \u201cImaging of the Late Roman Castrum \u2013 3: 3D Reconstruction of the Late Roman Fortress at Dionysias in Egypt.\u201d Architecture and Modern Information Technologies 1 (30): 1-25.\u2022 Lepsius, K. R. 1849. Denkmaeler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien nach den Zeichnungen der von Seiner Majest\u00e4t dem Koenige von Preussen, Friedrich Wilhelm IV., nach diesen L\u00e4ndern gesendeten, und in den Jahren 1842-1845 ausgef\u00fcrten wissenschaftlichen Expedition auf Befehl Seiner Majest\u00e4t II. Berlin: Nicolaische Buchhandlung.\u2022 Lucas, P. 1714. Voyage du sieur Paul Lucas, fait par ordre du Roy dans la Grece, l\u2019Asie Mineure, la Mecedoine et l\u2019Afrique, II, 40-58, 63-71. Paris: Nicolas Simart.\u2022 Lucas, P. 1719. Troisi\u00e8me voyage du sieur Paul Lucas, fait en 1714, par ordre de Louis XIV dans la Turquie, l\u2019Asie, la Syrie, la Palestine, la Haute et Basse-\u00c9gypte, etc., 253-296. Rouen: Robert Machuel le jeune.\u2022 Martin, M. 1987. \u201cUn tour du lac Qar\u016bn en 1717.\u201d Bulletin de l\u2019Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale 87: 265-268.\u2022 Noeske, H.-C. 2001. Sp\u00e4tkaiserzeitliche M\u00fcnzgu\u00dfformen aus dem Fayum (aus dem Nachla\u00df F. Zucker). In Erinnerungen an einen Rektor: Friedrich Zucker (1881-1973), edited by H. G. Walther, 63-88. Jena: Hain. \u2022 O\u2019Connell, E. R. 2018. \u201cDionysias.\u201d In The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, vol. I A-I, edited by O. Nicholson, 488. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\u2022 Papi, E., L. Bigi, S. Camporeale, G. Carpentiero, D. D\u2019Aco, M. Kenawi, E. Mariotti and L. Passalacqua. 2010. \u201cLa missione dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 di Siena a Qasr Qaroun \u2013 Dionysias (2009-2010).\u201d Ricerche italiane e scavi in Egitto 4: 239-255. \u2022 Pensabene, P. 1993. Elementi architettonici di Alessandria e di altri siti egiziani. 549. Rome: L\u2019Erma di Bretschneider.\u2022 Pococke, R. 1743. A Description of the East and Some other Countries I. London: W. Bowyer.\u2022 R\u00f6mer, C. 2019. The Fayoum Survey Project \u2013 The Themistou Meris Volume A \u00ad\u2013 The Archaeological and Papyrological Survey, 261-282. Leuven: Peeters.\u2022 Schwartz, J. 1949. \u201cFouilles \u00e0 Kasr-Karoun (F\u00e9vrier-Mars 1948). Rapport pr\u00e9liminaire.\u201d\u00a0Bulletin de l\u2019Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale 48: 57-63.\u2022 Schwartz, J. 1951. \u201cUne forteresse construite sous Diocl\u00e9tien: Qasr-Q\u00e2r\u00fbn.\u201d Comptes rendus de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres 95, 1: 90-97.\u2022 Schwartz, J., A. Badaway, R. Smith and H. Wild.\u00a01969. Fouilles franco-suisses. Rapports II Qa\u1e63r-Q\u00e2r\u00fbn\/Dionysias 1950. Cairo: Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale.\u2022\u00a0Schwartz, J. and H. Wild. 1950. Fouilles franco-suisses. Rapports I Qa\u1e63r-Q\u00e2r\u00fbn\/Dionysias 1948. Cairo: Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale.\u2022 Vansleb, J. M. 1677. Nouvelle relation, en forme de journal, d\u2019un voyage fait en \u00c9gypte en 1672-1673. Paris: Estienne Michallet. p. 268-269.\u2022\u00a0Yeiven, S. 1930. \u201cThe Ptolemaic System of Water Supply in the Fayy\u00fbm.\u201d Annales du Service des antiquit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9gypte 30: 27-30.",
                "external_links": [
                    {
                        "text": "Les moules mon\u00e9raires de Dionysias",
                        "url": "https:\/\/www.ifao.egnet.net\/recherche\/operations\/op19460\/"
                    },
                    {
                        "text": "Fayum - Dionysias",
                        "url": "https:\/\/www.trismegistos.org\/fayum\/fayum2\/565.php?geo_id=565"
                    }
                ],
                "authors": [
                    {
                        "author": "Rhiannon Williams",
                        "year": "2020"
                    },
                    {
                        "author": "Victor Ghica ",
                        "year": "2020"
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}