{
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "name": "site",
    "crs": {
        "type": "name",
        "properties": {
            "name": "EPSG:4326"
        }
    },
    "features": [
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Point",
                "coordinates": [
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            },
            "properties": {
                "id": 60,
                "site_uri": "https:\/\/4care-skos.mf.no\/site\/60",
                "modern_name": "Atr\u012bb",
                "ancient_name": "Athribis",
                "typology": "city",
                "date_from": -1500,
                "date_to": 900,
                "dating_criteria": "",
                "place_names": [
                    {
                        "language": "Egyptian",
                        "pl_name": "\u1e24w.t-(t\u021d-)\u1e25ry-\u1ec9b | Km (wr)"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Akkadian",
                        "pl_name": "\u1e2aat\u1e2bariba"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Greek",
                        "pl_name": "\u1f08\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03c2 | \u1f08\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03b9\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Latin",
                        "pl_name": "Athribis | Athrivis | Atribi | Atrivi"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Coptic",
                        "pl_name": "acrhbi | acrepi"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "Arabic",
                        "pl_name": "\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628 | \u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "English",
                        "pl_name": "Athribis | Benha | Athlibis | Hathribis | Atharrabis | Atharambe | Tell el-Atrib | Kom el-Atrib"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "French",
                        "pl_name": "Athribis | Tell Atrib | Benha | Athr\u00e9bi"
                    }
                ],
                "trismegistos_uri": "https:\/\/www.trismegistos.org\/place\/369",
                "pleiades_uri": "https:\/\/pleiades.stoa.org\/places\/727078",
                "paths_uri": "https:\/\/atlas.paths-erc.eu\/places\/8",
                "description": "The ancient site of Athribis, modern-day Banh\u0101, is situated c. 50km north of Cairo in the Nile Delta. One of the best-known cities of the Delta, specifically in the Greco-Roman and Christian periods, it is frequently referenced in Coptic martyrologies. Today, most of the monuments are situated below the modern town. Throughout the extensive archaeological work to have been conducted at the site, a period of occupation ranging from the Late Period until the Arab Conquest has been attested to, with noteworthy structures including two temples from the 25th and 26th Dynasties, numerous bathing complexes (from the Ptolemaic and Roman periods), and a Roman villa, in addition to extensive artisanal and domestic areas (the former including lime kilns and areas for ceramic production), and most importantly, the architectural remnants of a church.\r\nAccording to the Coptic martyrdom of Shenufe, Athribis is said to have been home to a bishopric prior to 325 (Timm 1984-1992: 257-265; Stewart 1991: 307). Despite literary attestations, however, the material traces of Christianity at the site are somewhat elusive. A structure identified in the center of the city (i.e., Kom Sidi Yusuf) by A. Rowe in 1938, initially considered a Greco-Roman temple, has since been interpreted as a church (Rowe 1938a: 531-532; id 1938b: 130-131; Vernus 1978 p. XI, n. 2). To the north and east of this was a rubbish dump (trench D) wherein architectural elements, interior decoration and liturgical furnishings were uncovered (G\u00f2recki 2017). The structure was hypothesised to have been erected as early as the fifth century, modified at least on one occasion, and then destroyed by fire between 619 and 815 (attested to via the thick ashy layer with which these remnants were mingled with in the dump) (G\u00f2recki 2017: 248). Textual sources attest to a monastery and a church dedicated to the Virgin at Athribis, which this structure has been tentatively identified with (Am\u00e9lineau 1893: 67-68; Stewart 1991: 307; Ruszczyc 1997). The page dedicated to the dig on the PCMA website states that these are the remnants of one of the oldest churches in Egypt, dating to the fourth century CE. While there are indeed masses of material dating from the fourth century, predominantly coins and ceramic, as well as varying material attesting to Christianity in the area, no clear fourth century levels have been identified in direct association with the church (Ruszczyc 1975: 338-339; id 1990: 319).",
                "archaeological_research": "The earliest archaeological work to have been conducted at the site seems to have been that of the Egyptian Antiquities in the first half of the 20th century (Adam 1958: 303-304), in addition to clandestine excavations by locals. This was followed by a brief campaign conducted by the University of Liverpool (Rowe 1938a and b). The most extensive work to have been conducted at Athribis, however, has been that of the Polish, which commenced in 1957 and did not cease until 1999 (with a few short breaks). Originally conducted by the National Museum in Warsaw, from the third season onwards, the mission was taken over by the University of Warsaw Archaeological Center in Cairo, which then came to establish a collaborative mission with the Coptic Committee. The work concentrated on two areas of the site, one to the north (i.e., ‘Kom A’) and one to the north-east (i.e, ‘Kom Sidi Yusuf’). From 1957 until 1968, work was directed by K. Micha\u0142owski, followed by B. Ruszczyc (1969, 1979–1984), K. My\u015bliwiec (1985–1995), and finally H. Szyma\u0144ska (1998–1999), with co-operative institutions including the Archaeological Museum of Kraków, the Coptic Committee, the Egyptian Antiquities Organization.",
                "bibliography": "\u2022\u00a0Adam, S. 1958. \u201cRecent Discoveries in the Eastern Delta (Dec. 1950-May 1955).\u201d Annales du Service des Antiquit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9gypte 55: 303-304\u2022\u00a0Am\u00e9lineau, E. 1893. La G\u00e9ographie de l\u2019\u00c9gypte\u00a0\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque copte, 66-69. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.\u2022 Ellis, R. 1957. \u201cLes fouilles de la mission polonaise.\u201dEgypt Travel Magazine 37 (September): 12-16.\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Ellis, R. 1958. \u201cLa seconde saison de fouilles de la mission polonaise \u00e0 Athribis en Basse-\u00c9gypte, 1958.\u201d\u00a0Egypt Travel Magazine 50 (October): 7-12.\u00a0\u2022\u00a0G\u00f3recki, T. 1990. \u201cCoptic Painted Amphorae from Tell Atrib: Introductory Remarks on Decoration.\u201d In Coptic and Nubian pottery: International workshop, Niebor\u00f3w August 29\u201331, 1988,\u00a0I, edited by W. Godlewski, 34\u201348. Warsaw: National Museum in Warsaw.\u2022\u00a0G\u00f3recki, T. 2017. \u201cRemnants of a Byzantine Church at Athribis.\u201d In Christianity and Monasticism in Northern Egypt: Beni Suef, Giza, and the Nile Delta, edited by G. Gabra and H.N. Takla, 239-252. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press.\u2022\u00a0Ko\u0142odziejczyk, K. 1972. \u201cReport of the Polish Archaeological Mission\u2019s Excavation at Tell Atrib in 1963.\u201d \u00c9tudes et Travaux 6: 138-145.\u2022\u00a0Krzyzanowska, A. 1990. \u201cRemarques sur la circulation mon\u00e9taire en \u00c9gypte du IVe au VIle si\u00e8cles - Fouille arch\u00e9ologique copto-polonaise \u00e0 Tell Atrib.\u201d In\u00a0Coptic Studies. Acts of the Third International Congress of Coptic Studies, Warsaw, 20-25th August 1984, edited by W. Godlewski, 209-210. Warsaw: PWN-\u00c9ditions scientifiques de Pologne.\u2022\u00a0Krzy\u017canowska, A. 2009.\u00a0Tell Atrib 1985\u20131995, II. Les monnaies. Warsaw: Neriton.\u2022\u00a0Micha\u0142owski, K. 1961. Les fouilles polonaises de 1960 \u00e0 Tell Atrib et Palmyre.\u00a0Studi Classice 3: 265-267.\u2022\u00a0Micha\u0142owski, K. 1962a. \u201cFouilles polonaises \u00e0 Tell Atrib en 1960.\u201d Annales du Service des Antiquit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9gypte 57: 68-77.\u2022\u00a0Micha\u0142owski, K. 1962b. \u201cLes fouilles polonaises \u00e0 Tell Atrib (1957-1959).\u201d Annales du Service des Antiquit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9gypte 57: 49-65.\u2022\u00a0Micha\u0142owski, K. 1964a. \u201cLes fouilles polonaises \u00e0 Tell Atrib (Saison 1961).\u201d Annales du Service des Antiquit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9gypte 58: 235-244.\u2022\u00a0Micha\u0142owski, K. 1964b. \u201cSixi\u00e8me campagne de fouilles \u00e0 Tell Atrib (Saison 1962).\u201d Annales du Service des Antiquit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9gypte 58: 245-254.\u2022\u00a0M\u0142ynarczyk, J. 1973. \u201cEgyptian Types of Terracotta Lamps from Tell Atrib.\u201d \u00c9tudes et Travaux 7: 81-113.\u2022\u00a0M\u0142ynarczyk, J. 2012.\u00a0Tell Atrib 1985\u20131995, III. Terracotta Oil Lamps. Warsaw: Neriton.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1990a. \u201cPolish\u2013Egyptian Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1989.\u201dPolish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 1: 5\u20139.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1990b. \u201cPolsko-egipskie wykopaliska w Tell Atrib w 1989 roku (Polish\u2013Egyptian excavations at Tell Atrib in 1989).\u201dRaporty Wykopaliskowe 1: 13\u201318.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1991a. \u201cPolish\u2013Egyptian excavations at Tell Atrib in 1990.\u201dPolish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 2: 25\u201330.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1991b. \u201cPolsko-egipskie wykopaliska w Tell Atrib w 1990 roku (Polish\u2013Egyptian excavations at Tell Atrib in 1990).\u201dRaporty Wykopaliskowe 2: 20\u201326.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1992a. \u201cSome Ancient Egyptian aspects of Hellenistic cults in Athribis.\u201d In 50 Years of Polish Excavations in Egypt and the Near East: Acts of the Symposium at the Warsaw University 1986, edited by S. Jakobielski and J. Karkowski, 260\u2013265. Warsaw: Centre d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie polonaise des sciences.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1992b. \u201cExcavations at Tell Atrib in 1985.\u201d\u00c9tudes et Travaux 16: 383\u2013392.\u2022 My\u015bliwiec, K. 1992c. \u201cPolish\u2013Egyptian Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1991.\u201dPolish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 3: 24\u201328.\u2022 My\u015bliwiec, K. 1992d. \u201cSprawozdanie z polsko-egipskich wykopalisk w Tell Atrib w 1991 roku (Report on Polish\u2013Egyptian excavations at Tell Atrib in 1991).\u201dRaporty Wykopaliskowe 3: 23\u201325.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1993a. \u201cTell Atrib, 1992.\u201d\u00a0Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 4: 32\u201339.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1993b. \u201cTell Atrib, 1992.\u201dRaporty Wykopaliskowe 4: 34\u201341.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1993c. \u201cPolish Excavations at Tell Atrib.\u201d Annales du Service des Antiquit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9gypte 72: 53-80.\u2022 My\u015bliwiec, K. 1994a. \u201cPolsko-egipskie wykopaliska w Tell Atrib w 1993 (Polish\u2013Egyptian Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1993).\u201dRaporty Wykopaliskowe 5: 42\u201349.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1994b. \u201cTell Atrib 1993.\u201dPolish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 5: 40\u201347\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1995a. \u201cTell Atrib 1994.\u201dPolish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 6: 37\u201347.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1995b. \u201cTell Atrib 1994.\u201dRaporty Wykopaliskowe 6: 20\u201330.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 1996a. \u201cTell Atrib: Excavations 1995.\u201dPolish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 7: 53\u201360.\u2022 My\u015bliwiec, K. 1996b. \u201cTell Atrib: prace wykopaliskowe w sezonie 1995 (Tell Atrib: Excavations in the 1995 season).\u201dRaporty Wykopaliskowe 7: 80\u201388.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 2000. \u201cRescue Excavations.\u201d In Tell Atrib 1985\u20131995I, edited by Z. Sztety\u0142\u0142o and K. My\u015bliwiec, 9\u201349. Warsaw: Neriton.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K.\u00a02007.\u00a0\u201cTell Atrib.\u201d In Seventy Years of Polish Archaeology in Egypt, edited by E. Laskowska-Kusztal, 135\u2013144. Warsaw: PCMA UW.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 2017. \u201cBaths from the Ptolemaic Period in Athribis (Tell Atrib, Lower Egypt).\u201d In Collective Baths in Egypt 2: New Discoveries and Perspectives, edited by B. Redon, 65\u201382. Cairo: Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. 2020. \u201cThe \u2018Forgotten\u2019 Tell Atrib.\u201d In Crossing Time and Space to Commemorate Hanna Szyma\u0144ska, edited by K. My\u015bliweiec and A. Ry\u015b, 167-179. Warsaw: Wiesbaden.\u2022 My\u015bliwiec, K. and S. Abu Senna. 1995. \u201cPolish\u2013Egyptian Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1991\u20131993.\u201d\u00c9tudes et Travaux 17: 205\u2013240.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. and M. Abdel Haq Rageb. 1992. \u201cFouilles polono-\u00e9gyptiennes \u00e0 Tell Atrib en 1986\u20131990.\u201d\u00c9tudes et Travaux 16: 393\u2013416.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. and M. Bakr Said. 1998. \u201cPolish\u2013Egyptian Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1994\u20131995.\u201d\u00a0\u00c9tudes et Travaux 18: 179\u2013219.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K. and T. Herbich. 1988. \u201cPolish Archaeological Activities at Tell Atrib in 1985.\u201d In The Archaeology of the Nile Delta, Egypt: Problems and Priorities, edited by E. C. M. van den Brink, 177\u2013203. Amsterdam: Netherlands Foundation for Archaeological Research in Egypt.\u2022 My\u015bliwiec, K., T. Herbich, A. Krzy\u017canowska, Z. Sztety\u0142\u0142o, and A. \u0141ukaszewicz. 1993. \u201cPolish Excavations at Tell Atrib in 1985.\u201dAnnales du Service des Antiquit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9gypte 72: 53\u201380.\u2022\u00a0My\u015bliwiec, K., Z. Sztety\u0142\u0142o and A. Krzy\u017canowska. 1988. \u201cRemains of a Ptolemaic Villa at Athribis.\u201d\u00a0Mitteilungen des Deutschen Arch\u00e4ologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo 44: 183\u2013197.\u2022\u00a0Po\u0142udnikiewicz, A. 2016. \u201cPainted Decoration on Water Jars from Byzantine Athribis in the Egyptian Delta.\u201d\u00a0Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 25: 781\u2013798.\u2022\u00a0Rowe, A. 1938a. \u201cShort Report on Excavations of the Institute of Archaeology Liverpool at Athribis.\u201d Annales du Service des Antiquit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9gypte 38: 523-532.\u2022\u00a0Rowe, A. 1938b. \u201cPreliminary Report on Excavations of the Institute of Archaeology Liverpool at Athribis.\u201d Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology (Univ. of Liverpool) 25: 123-132;\u2022 Ruszczyc, B. 1975. \u201cTell Atrib \u2013 K\u00f4m Sidi Youssef 1969.\u201d \u00c9tudes et Travaux 8: 335-340.\u2022\u00a0Ruszczyc, B. 1976. \u201cLe temple d\u2019Amasis \u00e0 Tell-Atrib.\u201d \u00c9tudes et Travaux 9: 117-127.\u2022\u00a0Ruszczyc, B. 1986.\u00a0\u201cWykopaliska polsko-koptyjskie na komie Sidi Youssuf w Tell Atrib.\u201d\u00a0Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie 30: 331-353.\u2022\u00a0Ruszczyc, B. 1990. \u201cTell Atrib \u2013 K\u00f4m Sidi Youssef 1979.\u201d \u00c9tudes et Travaux 14: 317-319. \u2022\u00a0Ruszczyc, B. 1992. \u201cTell Atrib \u2013 K\u00f4m Sidi Youssef 1983.\u201d \u00c9tudes et Travaux 16: 421-423. \u2022\u00a0Ruszczyc, B. 1997. Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 pod wezwaniem \u015awi\u0119tej Dziewicy w Tell Atrib. Warsaw: Polska Akademia Naik.\u2022 Scholl, T. 1995. \u201c\u201cKilns\u201d of the Ptolemaic Period at Tell Atrib.\u201d In Hellenistic and Roman Pottery in the Eastern Mediterranean: Advances in Scientific Studies. Acts of the II Niebor\u00f3w Pottery Workshop, Niebor\u00f3w, 18\u201320 December 1993, edited by H. Meyza and J. M\u0142ynarczyk, 423\u2013430. Warsaw: Research Center for Mediterranean Archaeology, Polish Academy of Sciences.\u2022\u00a0Scholl, T., M. Daszkiewicz and J. Raabe. 1995. \u201c\u201cKilns\u201d from the Ptolemaic Period in Tell Atrib.\u201d\u00c9tudes et Travaux 17: 279\u2013307.\u2022\u00a0Stewart, R. 1991. In The Coptic Encyclopedia, Volume, edited by A. S. Atiya, 307. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company.\u2022 Sztety\u0142\u0142o, Z. and K. My\u015bliwiec. 2000. Tell Atrib 1985-1995, I. Warsaw: Neriton.\u2022\u00a0Szyma\u0144ska, H. 1999. \u201cReport on the Activities of the Polish\u2013Egyptian Archaeological Mission at Tell Atrib, 1998.\u201d\u00a0Annales du Service des Antiquit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00c9gypte 74: 75\u201382.\u2022\u00a0Timm, S. ed. 1984-1992. Das Christliche-Koptische \u00c4gypten in Arabischer Zeit: Eine Sammlung Christicher St\u00e4tten in \u00c4gypten in Arabischer Zeit unter Ausschyss von Alexandria, Kairo, des Apa-Mena-Klosters (Der Abu Mina), der Sketis (Wadi n-Natrun) und der Sinai-Region. Vol. 1, 257-265. Weisbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert.\u2022\u00a0Tybulewicz, R. 2015. \u201cTwo Terracotta Incense Burners with \u201cHorns\u201d and Vine Scroll Decoration from Tell Atrib (Egypt).\u201d\u00a0\u00c9tudes et Travaux 28: 191\u2013200.\u2022 Vernus, P. 1975. \u201cAthribis.\u201d In Lexikon der \u00c4gyptologie, vol. I, edited by W. Helck and O. Eberhardt, 519-524. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz.\u2022 Vernus, P. 1978. Athribis. Textes et documents relatifs \u00e0 la g\u00e9ographie, aux cultes et \u00e0 l\u2019histoire d\u2019une ville du delta \u00e9gyptien\u00a0\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque pharanoique. Cairo: Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale.\u2022\u00a0Welc, F. 2014.\u00a0Tell Atrib 1985\u20131995, IV. Faience Objects. Warsaw: University of Warsaw Press.This is not a complete bibliography, for additional works see External Links.",
                "external_links": [
                    {
                        "text": "Polish Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology Excavation",
                        "url": "https:\/\/pcma.uw.edu.pl\/en\/2019\/01\/18\/tell-atrib-2\/"
                    },
                    {
                        "text": "EES Bibliography ",
                        "url": "https:\/\/www.ees.ac.uk\/atrib56"
                    }
                ],
                "authors": [
                    {
                        "author": "Rhiannon Williams",
                        "year": "2022"
                    },
                    {
                        "author": "Victor Ghica",
                        "year": "2021"
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}