{
    "type": "FeatureCollection",
    "name": "site",
    "crs": {
        "type": "name",
        "properties": {
            "name": "EPSG:4326"
        }
    },
    "features": [
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Point",
                "coordinates": [
                    30.54662,
                    25.382
                ]
            },
            "properties": {
                "id": 9,
                "site_uri": "https:\/\/4care-skos.mf.no\/site\/9",
                "modern_name": "Qa\u1e63r Nis\u012bma",
                "ancient_name": "",
                "typology": "hamlet",
                "date_from": 300,
                "date_to": 499,
                "dating_criteria": "Analysis of surface ceramic.",
                "place_names": [
                    {
                        "language": "Arabic",
                        "pl_name": "\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "English",
                        "pl_name": "Qasr Nisima | Qasr Nessima"
                    },
                    {
                        "language": "French",
                        "pl_name": "Kasr Omm el Nessim "
                    }
                ],
                "trismegistos_uri": "https:\/\/www.trismegistos.org\/place\/61710",
                "pleiades_uri": "https:\/\/pleiades.stoa.org\/places\/776220",
                "paths_uri": "",
                "description": "Qa\u1e63r Nis\u012bma is situated along the Darb al-Arba\u02bf\u012bn, 10km south of the ancient city of Hibis. A small hamlet in antiquity, the site consists of a well-preserved columbarium, as well as a small \u2018fort\u2019, or qa\u1e63r, surrounded by about 15 housing units, one of which includes a small church (Ghica 2012: 217; Ghica 2016: 199). In recent years, a section of the housing (to the north of the fort) has been destroyed by heavy machinery.\r\nFortThe fort is a central building initially constructed along a rectangular plan, built on a base of stones and ordinary clay mortar. The structure appears to have undergone at least one additional construction phase, resulting in enlargement\/extension of the eastern section, as well as the reinforcement of the north and south walls by a second sloping wall (Ghica 2012: 219).\r\nChurchAmong the housing units on the southern side of the site lies the leveled down remains of a small E-W oriented church. The heavy silting of the structure and lack of excavation has made it impossible to fully record the architectural plan of the structure, but a number of features could be identified, including two \"median columns of octagonal sections\", which have been noted along the north side of the nave, with there perhaps also having been matching columns along the southern side (Wagner 1991: 2038a). As a result of looting, the area of the sanctuary in the east has been made visible. Consequently, the following features have been identified: a semicircular apse decorated with four engaged pillars between which lie three niches and two cancelli, adorned with two engaged columns which close the b\u00eama to the west (Ghica 2012: 219). Wagner identified these architectural features to be comparable to those of the church at \u0160ams al-D\u012bn, but that has since been rejected (Wagner 1991: 2038a; Ghica 2012: 219).\r\nThe brickwork, presence of the columbarium, and the architectural features of the church, namely the closing of the b\u00eama, as well as the inclusion of the church in the village plan, suggest a date of foundation in the fourth or early fifth century (Ghica 2012: 219). Additionally, the Christianisation of the village is attested to by some graffiti visible in the rubble of the central building (Ghica 2012: 219).",
                "archaeological_research": "This site, unfortunately, has remained unexcavated. It was first mentioned briefly by Guy Wagner (1987: 172-173 & 1991: 2038), after which, the Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale conducted three missions, resulting in a topographical plan of the site and analysis of the surface ceramic. These missions were carried out in February 2007 (V. Ghica), September (V. Ghica and D. Laisney) and December 2008 (M. Wuttmann, S. Merchand and V. Ghica) (Ghica 2012: 217).\u00a0",
                "bibliography": "\u2022 Ghica, V. 2012. \u201cPour une histoire du christianisme dans le d\u00e9sert Occidental d\u2019\u00c9gypte.\u201d Journal des savants 2: 189-280.\u2022 Ghica, V. 2016. \u201cVecteurs de la christianisation de l\u2019Egypte au IVe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re des sources arch\u00e9ologiques.\u201d In Acta XVI Congressus Internationalis Archaeologiae Christianae, Rome 22-28.9.2013, edited by Olof Brandt, Gabriele Castiglia, 199, 241, fig. 2, Fig. 9a. Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano: Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana.\u2022 Wagner, G. 1987. Les Oasis d\u2019\u00c9gypte \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque grecque, romaine et byzantine d\u2019apr\u00e8s les documents grecs: Recherches de papyrologie et d\u2019\u00e9pigraphie grecques, 172-173. Cairo: Institut fran\u00e7ais d\u2019arch\u00e9ologie orientale.\u2022 Wagner G. 1991. \u201cQa\u1e63r Nis\u012bma.\u201d In The Coptic Encyclopedia, edited by A.S. Atiya, 2038a. vol. 7. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.",
                "external_links": [
                    {
                        "text": "South Kharga Oasis Survey",
                        "url": "https:\/\/4care-skos.mf.no\/skos\/160\/"
                    }
                ],
                "authors": [
                    {
                        "author": "Victor Ghica",
                        "year": "2020"
                    },
                    {
                        "author": "Rhiannon Williams",
                        "year": "2020"
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}