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ARTEFACT IDENTIFIERS

Artefact ID1492
TM IDTM 131372
Findspot (DEChriM ID)10   (Amḥayda)
ClassTextual
MaterialCeramic
Writing mediumOstracon
Text contentDocumentary
LanguageGreek
Description

O.Trim. 1 323; O.Amheida inv. 11749: Letter to Domnion 
The ostracon (10.5 x 8.5 cm) is inscribed on both sides with a letter from an unknown sender to Domnion and concerns the transfer of some goods — γλεύκος (must) and θέρμος (lupines) — involving Psenpnouthes, Dioskoros and Sarapas. Line 9 contains what may be the name Paulos, and line 10 seems to contain the beginning of the month Phamenoth, although neither line is translated in the ed.pr.

Selection criteriaChristian onomastics
Date from350
Date to370
Dating criteria

Find context; the name Ψενπνούθης figures in multiple other Amḥayda ostraca: O.Trim. 1 16, O.Trim. 1 204, O.Trim. 1 232, O.Trim. 1 239, O.Trim. 1 324, O.Trim. 2 478, O.Trim. 2 502, O.Trim. 2 573, O.Trim. 2 620, and O.Trim. 2 622. It is considered an 'anonymous' theophoric name in scholarship (see Depauw/Clarysse 2013). See O.Trim. 1 324, in which the document mentioning Psenpnouthes (responsible for the transport of γλεύκος there as well) is again addressed to Domnion. However the hands are the two letters not the same.

Absolute/relative dateRelative date
Archaeological context

Excavated at Amḥayda by the Dakhleh Oasis Project, season 2004–2007. Discovered in Area 2.1, Room 14, DSU 233, FN 118.

Accession number

Egypt, Amheida, American excavations 2004-2007, Inv. 11749

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Editio princeps
• Bagnall, Roger S. and Giovanni R. Ruffini. 2012. Amheida I: Ostraka from Trimithis. Volume 1: Texts from the 2004–2007 Seasons. New York: New York University Press and Institute for the Study of the Ancient World. 193-194, No. 323.

Additional bibliography
• Depauw, Mark and Willy Clarysse. 2013. “How Christian was Fourth Century Egypt? Onomastic Perspectives on Conversion.” Vigiliae Christianae 67: 407-435.

Authors
Victoria G. D. Landau, 2022
Suggested citation
Victoria G. D. Landau, 2022, "Artefact ID 1492", 4CARE database - Fourth-Century Christian Archaeological Record of Egypt, https://4care-skos.mf.no/artefacts/1492
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