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ARTEFACT IDENTIFIERS

Artefact ID1537
TM IDTM 60204
Findspot (DEChriM ID)-   ()
ClassTextual
MaterialPapyrus
Writing mediumSheet/roll
Text contentSubliterary
LanguageGreek
Description

P. Lond. 1 121; PGM VII; van Haelst 1077: Fragments of a long magical papyrus sheet 
Composed of various text sections and multiple fragments, the main part of the papyrus sheet measures 2.3 m x 34 cm, containing 19 columns on the recto, 13 on the verso (of which 3 columns are not in the same hand as the recto), with 38-40 lines per column. The collection includes charms, spells, formulae, prescriptions, recipes and quotations, as well as multiple drawings and diagrams.
Two fragmentary columns (23 fragments), then Col. 1-4: 216 single lines from the Iliad and Odyssey, numbered in groups of six (Ὁμηρομαντία)
Col. 4: Recipes for keeping the house free of bugs and fleas (l. 149-154), list of days of the month favorable for divination (l. 155-167)
Col. 5-6: Non-magical recipes (l. 168-185), magical charms for common uses (l. 186-221) and a drawing, long charm for procuring dreams (l. 222-249)
Col. 7: Long charm continued, two short charms for procuring dreams (l. 250-259), charm against perturbations of the womb, mentioning angels and ending with Hallelujah and Amen (l. 260-271)
Col. 8: List of days of the month favorable for divination (l. 272-283), list of spells appropriate for different positions of the moon in zodiac signs (l. 284-299)
Col. 9-12: Spells to summon a person, for protection against danger, to summon a deity, to raise one’s double, to obtain information, and for dream visions (l. 300-369); various short charms (l. 370-428)
Col. 12-15: Invocation addressed to Osiris (l. 429-458), love charms (l. 459-490), invocations to Isis, other deities and the sun (l. 491-539)
Col. 15-17: Divination (l. 540-578), charm against demons and pain (l. 579-592). The recto ends with a drawing of a serpent biting its tail, with magical signs and words.
The first two faint columns on the verso are written in a different hand, seemingly an invocation of heavenly powers; mention of Σαβαώθ.
Col. 18 (again in the hand of the recto): Curse for controlling a woman, invoking Iaô, Adonai, Sabaoth, Pagoure, Marmorouth (Marmaraoth), Iaeô, and Michael (l. 593-619), charm for invisibility mentioning Iaô, Sabaoth and Adonai (l. 619-627)
Col. 19: Invocation of Asklepios (l. 628-642), love charm, charm for sleeplessness and charm against talkative friends (l. 643-663)
Col. 20: Charm for dream apparition (l. 664-685), invocation of the Bear constellation (ἄρτος, l. 686-702)
Col. 21: Charm for visions and a spell to make Apollo appear (l. 703-739)
Col. 22-27: General charm and a spell for dream visions, claimed to be authored by Pythagoras and Democritus (l. 740-845), incantation regarding the sun, spell addressing the moon-goddess, instructions for wearable amulets, charms against enemies, love charm (l. 846-974)

Selection criteriaChristian terms/formulas/concepts
Date from200
Date to399
Dating criteria

Palaeography; Kenyon 1893 (in the ed.pr.) and Preisendanz 1974 assigned it to the 3rd c., Wessely 1893 to the 3rd to 4th c., Maltomini 1995 to the 4th to 5th c. More recently, Bagnall 2009 dated it to the early 3rd c., while Novar/Torallas Tovar 2015 place it no earlier than the 4th c.

Absolute/relative dateRelative date
Archaeological context

Unknown; acquired by the British Museum in 1888 (see 1894 Catalogue of Additions). Possibly part of the Theban Magical Library, discussed and questioned in Dosoo 2016.

Accession number

London, British Library Pap 121

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Editio princeps
• Kenyon, Frederic G. 1893. Greek Papyri in the British Museum. Catalogue, with Texts. London: British Museum. 83-115, No. 121.
• Wessely, Carl. 1893. “Neue griechische Zauberpapyri.” Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Denkschr. Wien. Akad.) 42(2). 1-96: 16-55

Additional bibliography (in chronological order)
• –––. 1894. Catalogue of Additions to the Manuscripts in the British Museum in the Years 1888-1893. London: British Museum. 390, Pap. CXXI.
• Eitrem, Samson. 1925. “Pap. Brit. Mus. CXXI, Verso Col. I.” Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (JEA) 11: 80-83. [for the fragmentary first column of the verso]
• Preisendanz, Karl. 1927. “Die griechischen Zauberpapyri.” Archiv für Papyrusforschung (AfP) 8. 104-131: 117-118, P. VII.
• Weinstock, Stefan. 1949. “Lunar Mansions and Early Calendars.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies 69. 48-69: 60-62. [on lines 757-790]
• Preisendanz, Karl and Alfred Henrichs. 1974. Papyri Graecae Magicae: Die Griechischen Zauberpapyri. Vol. 2. Leipzig/Berlin: Teubner. 1-45, No. 7.
• Preisendanz, Karl and Alfred Henrichs. 1974. Papyri Graecae Magicae: Die Griechischen Zauberpapyri. Vol. 2. Leipzig/Berlin: Teubner. 249, No. Hymnen 15/16 (PGM 7 668-680).
• van Haelst, Joseph. 1976. Catalogue des papyrus littéraires juifs et chrétiens. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne. 336, No. 1077.
• Betz, Hans Dietrich. 1986. The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 112-145, No. PGM 7 (Translation: Hock, Ronald F.).
• Daniel, Robert W. 1988. “Hekate's Peplos.” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (ZPE) 72: 278.
• Horak, Ulrike. 1992. “Verzeichnis illuminierter edierter Papyri, Pergamente, Papiere und Ostraka.” Illuminierte Papyri, Pergamente und Papiere I. Pegasus Oriens I. Vienna: Holzhausen Verlag. 227-261: 246, ViP 193.
• Bain, David. 1994. “φανταζομένη in PGM VII 888: A Possible Parallel.” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (ZPE) 101: 31-32.
• Maltomini, Franco. 1995. “P. Lond. 121 (= PGM VII), 1-221: Homeromanteion”. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (ZPE) 106: 107-122.
• Betz, Hans Dieter. 1997. “Jewish Magic in the Greek Magical Papyri (PGM VII.260-271)” In Envisioning Magic. A Princeton Seminar and Symposium, edited by Peter Schäfer and Hans G. Kippenberg. Leiden/New York/Köln: Brill. 45-64.
• D’Alessio, Giovan B. 2001. “Danni materiali e ricostruzione di rotoli papiracei: Le Elleniche di Ossirinco (“POxy” 842) e altri esempi.” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (ZPE) 134. 23-41: 38.
• Faraone, Christopher A. 2003. “New Light on Ancient Greek Exorcisms of the Wandering Womb.” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (ZPE) 144. 189-197: 190-191. [ll. 260-271]
• Bagnall, Roger S. 2009. The Early Christian Books in Egypt. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 84, Table 4.5.
• Phillips, Richard L. 2009. In Pursuit of Invisibility: Ritual Texts from Late Roman Egypt. American Studies in Papyrology 47. Durham, NC: American Society of Papyrologists. 110-115, No. Text 4 (619-622). Plate 5.
• Martín Hernández, Raquel. 2012. “Reading Magical Drawings in the Greek Magical Papyri.” In Actes du 26e Congrès international de papyrologie. Genève, 16-21 août 2010, edited by Paul Schubert. Genève: Librairie Droz S.A. 491-498: 493-494.
• Martín Hernández, Raquel. 2014. “Two More Verses for the Homeromanteion (PGM VII).” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (ZPE) 190: 97-98.
• Martín Hernández, Raquel. 2015. “A Coherent Division of a Magical Handbook. Using Lectional Signs in P.Lond. I 121 (PGM VII).” Segno e Testo 13. 147-164. 2 Plates.
• Nodar, Alberto, and Sophia Torallas Tovar. 2015. “Palaeography of Magical Handbooks: An Attempt?” In Los papiros mágicos griegos: entre lo sublime y lo cotidiano, edited by Emilio Suárez de la Torre, Miriam Blanco and Eleni Chronopoulou. Madrid: Dykinson 2015. 59-66: 60-61.
• Dosoo, Korshi. 2016. “A History of the Theban Magical Library.” Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists (BASP) 53: 251–274.
• Martín Hernández, Raquel. 2017. “Sobre la ordenación de las prescripciones mágicas en las primeras columnas del P.Lond. I 121 = PGM VII.” In Estudios Papirológicos. Textos literarios y documentales del siglo IV a.C. al IV d.C., edited by María Jesús Albarrán Martínez, Raquel Martín Hernández and Irene Pajón Leyra. Madrid: Fundación Pastor de Estudios Clásicos. 117-134.
• West, Martin L. 2017. Odyssea. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. XLIV, No. w1 [Papyri et inscriptiones variae in qvibvs versvs homerici lavdantvr].
• Quack, Joachim Friedrich. 2017. “Alttestamentliche Motive in der gräko-ägyptischen Magie der Römerzeit.” In Zauber und Magie im Alten Palästina und in seiner Umwelt, Kolloquium des Deutschen Vereins zur Erforschung Palästinas vom 14. bis 16. November 2014 in Mainz, edited by Jens Kamlah, Rolf Schäfer and Markus Witte. Wiesbaden: Harassowitz. 141-182: 158-164.
• Martín Hernández, Raquel. 2018. “A New Column in P.Lond. I 121 (Pap.Graec.Mag. VII): Edition and Interpretation.” Symbolae Osloenses (SymbOslo) 92: 156-170.
• Gordon, Richard. 2019. “Compiling P. Lond I 121 = PGM VII in a Transcultural Context.” In Cultural Plurality in Ancient Magical Texts and Practices. Graeco-Egyptian Handbooks and Related Traditions, edited by Ljuba M. Bortolani, William Furley, Svenja Nagel and Joachim F. Quack. Orientalische Religionen in der Antike 32. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. 91-123: 106-123.
• Martín Hernández, Raquel. 2020. “The Transmission of the Sortes Homericae. A Papyrological Approach to the Texts.” In Ancient Magic. Then and Now, edited by Attilio Mastrocinque, Joseph E. Sanzo and Marianna Scapini. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. 375-386: 380-382.
• Martin, Alain. 2020. “Papyrologica. X.” Chronique d’Egypte (CdE) 95. 179-188: 180-181, No. 97.
• Martín Hernández, Raquel. 2020. “El PGMV II y los papiros del ‘Archivo mágico de Hermontis’. Algunas consideraciones sobre su contenido.” In Ablanathanalba. Magia, cultura y Sociedad en el Mundo Antiguo, edited by Emilio Suárez de la Torre, Isabel Canzobre Martínez and Carmen Sánchez-Mañas. Madrid: Clásicos Dykinson 2020, p. 277-291.
• Wilburn, Andrew T. 2022. “The Amathous Curse Tablets (British Museum inv. 1891, 4-11) and PGM VII (British Library Pap. 121): Evidence for Ritual Exchange Between Egypt and Cyprus.” In Proceedings of the 29th lntemational Congress of Papyrology. Lecce, 28th July - 3rd August 2019, edited by Mario Capasso, Paola Davoli and Natascia Pellé. Lecce: Centro di Studi Papirologici dell’Università del Salento. 1037-1048.
• Love, Edward O. D. 2022. “‘Crum’s Chicken’: Alpak, Demonised Donkeys, and Avianised Demons among the Figures of Demotic, Greek, and Coptic Magical Texts.” In Magikon Zōon: Animal and Magic from Antiquity to the Middle Ages, edited by Jean-Charles Coulon and Korshi Dosoo. Paris/Orléans: Institut de recherche et d’histoire des textes. 661-726.

Authors
Victoria G. D. Landau, 2022
Suggested citation
Victoria G. D. Landau, 2022, "Artefact ID 1537", 4CARE database - Fourth-Century Christian Archaeological Record of Egypt, https://4care-skos.mf.no/artefacts/1537
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