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ARTEFACT IDENTIFIERS

Artefact ID	1448
TM ID	TM 81569
Findspot (DEChriM ID)	43 (Biʾr al-ʿAyn)
Class	Textual
Material	Stone
Writing medium	Graffito, Inscription
Text content	Documentary
Language	Greek
Description	I. Pan du désert 1b; SB 1 286: List of three monks’ names The main inscription is a 28-line Ptolemaic dedication to the god Pan by 23 individuals, considered to be a “Denkschrift” or proskynemata, on the occasion of a hunt. It is located 2.20 m above ground. The lines are 38 cm long and 10 mm high for the first four lines, 18 cm long and 7 mm high for the rest. A Christian-era, 4-line graffito below the Ptolemaic list of names contains the names of three monks, Horos, Kyros and Andreas, and a hardly legible fourth line: Ὧρος μοναχός, Κῦρος μοναχός, Ἀνδρέας μοναχός, ΕΥΗ[—]Λ[. These letters are larger than that of the earlier inscription, with a letter height of 12 mm. Bernard 1977 points out the importance of the monk named Horos in indicating a continued use of Egyptian names by the Christian community rather than a rejection.
Selection criteria	Mention of Christian cult officials/institutions, Mention of Christian individuals/communities
Date from	300
Date to	640
Dating criteria	Christian content
Absolute/relative date	Relative date
Archaeological context	The large boulder in the Wādī Biʾr al-ʿAyn contains multiple hundred inscriptions. This inscription was viewed on-site by U. Bouriant in Winter 1888/89, and A. H. Sayce in Winter 1889/90. It was photographed by a DEChriM team, during the project's prospection of the area in June 2022.
Accession number	Wādī Biʾr al-ʿAyn, in situ

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Reference edition (Editio princeps of the Christian inscription)
• Bernard, André. 1977. Pan du Désert. Leiden: Brill. 16-22, 1b.

Additional bibliography (on the Ptolemaic inscription)
• Bouriant, Urbain. 1889. “Notes de voyage.” Recueil de Travaux Relatifs à la Philologie et à l'Archéologie Egyptiennes et Assyriennes: pour servir de Bulletin à la Mission Française du Caire (RecTrav) 11. 131-159: 145-149, No. 1.
• David, Martin, Bernhard A. van Groningen, and Emil Kiessling. 1958. Berichtigungsliste der griechischen Papyrusurkunden aus Ägypten III. Leiden: Brill. 164.
• Pestman, Pieter W., Hans-Albert Rupprecht and Francisca A. J. Hoogendijk. 1992. Berichtigungsliste der griechischen Papyrusurkunden aus Ägypten VIII. Leiden/New York/Köln: Brill. 303-304.
• Preisigke, Friedrich. 1915. Sammelband Griechischer Urkunden aus Ägypten. Erster Band. Urkunden Nr. 1 bis 6000. Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner. 22-23: No. 286.
• Sayce, Archibald Henry. 1891. “Inscriptions grecques d’Egypte.” Revue des Études Grecques (REG) 4(13). 46-57: 52-55, No. 2.

Authors

Victoria G. D. Landau, Victor Ghica, 2022

Suggested citation

Victoria G. D. Landau, Victor Ghica, 2022, "Artefact ID 1448", 4CARE database - Fourth-Century Christian Archaeological Record of Egypt, https://4care-skos.mf.no/artefacts/1448

Json data

External links

TM 81569 PHI 219314

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