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ARTEFACT IDENTIFIERS

Artefact ID1514
TM IDTM 372120
Findspot (DEChriM ID)10   (Amḥayda)
ClassTextual
MaterialCeramic
Writing mediumOstracon
Text contentDocumentary
LanguageGreek
Description

O.Trim. 2 502; O.Amheida inv. 16134: Memorandum for delivery of grain 
This complete ostracon (8.6 × 9.3 cm) is inscribed in four lines on the concave side. The order is intended “to the house of our brother Papnouthes: Psenpnouthes son of Serpi, 4 artabas. Psais son of […], 2 artabas”.

Selection criteriaChristian onomastics
Date from350
Date to370
Dating criteria

Find context; the name Ψενπνούθης figures in multiple other Amḥayda ostraca: O.Trim. 1 16, O.Trim. 1 204, O.Trim. 1 232, O.Trim. 1 239, O.Trim. 1 323, O.Trim. 1 324, O.Trim. 2 478, O.Trim. 2 573, O.Trim. 2 620, and O.Trim. 2 622. The name Παπνούθης occurs in O.Trim. 2 834 as well. Like Psenpnouthes, it is considered an 'anonymous' theophoric name in scholarship (see Depauw/Clarysse 2013), which became relatively popular in the 4th and 5th c.

Absolute/relative dateRelative date
Archaeological context

Excavated at Amḥayda by the Dakhleh Oasis Project, season 2008–2013. Discovered in Area 2.3, B7, Room 7, DSU 83, FN 39.

Accession number

Egypt, Amheida, American excavations 2008-2013, Inv. 16134

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Editio princeps
• Ast, Rodney and Roger S. Bagnall. 2016. Amheida III: Ostraka from Trimithis. Volume 2: Greek Texts from the 2008–2013 Seasons. New York: Institute for the Study of the Ancient World/NYU Press. 136, No. 502.

Additional bibliography
• Depauw, Mark and Willy Clarysse. 2013. “How Christian was Fourth Century Egypt? Onomastic Perspectives on Conversion.” Vigiliae Christianae 67: 407-435.

Authors
Victoria G. D. Landau, 2022
Suggested citation
Victoria G. D. Landau, 2022, "Artefact ID 1514", 4CARE database - Fourth-Century Christian Archaeological Record of Egypt, https://4care-skos.mf.no/artefacts/1514
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