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4CARE-ARTEFACTS

ARTEFACT IDENTIFIERS

Artefact ID	1419
TM ID	TM 61597
Findspot (DEChriM ID)	23 (al-Šayḫ ʿIbāda)
Class	Textual
Material	Wood
Writing medium	Codex, Tablet
Text content	Subliterary
Language	Greek
Description	Cribiore no. 396: Schoolbook of Papnouthion son of Ibios Incomplete codex of 5 wooden wax tablets (H. 18 cm x L.13,5 cm) with school texts written by two different hands: Papnouthion's and his teacher's. I-II: Teacher's model and Papnouthion's copy of 5 verses of Menander (Comparatio Menandri et Philistionis II 105-108, IV 39-40 and Sententiae); some metrological signs. III: Dictation or copy exercise of distichs in iambic trimeters on figures from mythology and history in acrostic (continued on a lost tablet). IV-VI: exercises on fractions (staurogram, name and date on first line) and measures (V: written a third hand) VII-VIII: Dictation or copy exercise of LXX Ps. 146 (contracted nomina sacra with supralinear stroke) followed by iambic trimeters. The teacher's hand is described as simple and elegant, developed vertically; large letters all separated; clearly influenced by the chancery style. Lightly sloping to the right. The pupil's hand is quick, not very even, much more cursive than the model. The presence of a Psaume (VII-VIII), of staurograms (in fraction tables: IV 1 = 552 K face 1; VI 1 = 552 I face 1); the use of contracted nomina sacra with supralinear stroke indicate the Christian origin of the shoolbook.
Selection criteria	Christian onomastics, Christian symbols/gestures/isopsephy, Nomina sacra, Biblical quote or paraphrase
Date from	300
Date to	350
Dating criteria	Palaeography. According to Boyaval 1975: 227, hand 1 (of the teacher) looks like chancery hands of 3/4th c., while hand 2 (of Papnouthion) suggests a date in early 4th c. for the whole book (although texts IV and VI were formerly assigned to 6th c. by Boyaval 1973: 257-259 no. V; see Boyaval 1975: 232 no. IV).
Absolute/relative date	Relative date
Archaeological context	Boyaval 1973: 257 (about MND 552 K) indicates the excavations of Gayet in Antinoopolis as a provenance and rejects the memphite provenance suggested in Weil 1903. See also Boyaval 1975: 146 about MND 552.c.3 + MND 552 d-e-f.
Accession number	Paris, Louvre, Département des Antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines, MND (= MP2 1619) + MND 552 h-i-k-l. [Louvre AF 1196 (2), face B, is not part of this school book as TM states; see Cauderlier 1983 and 1992).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Complete reference edition

• Boyaval, Bernard. 1977. "Le cahier de Papnouthion et les autres cahiers scolaires grecs". Revue archéologique. Nouvelle Série, Fasc. 2, 215-230.

Partial editions

• Boyaval, Bernard. 1975. "Le cahier scolaire d'Aurèlios Papnouthion." Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 17, 225-235.

• Boyaval, Bernard. 1974. "La tablette scolaire Pack² 1619." Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 14, 241-247.

• Boyaval, Bernard. 1973 "Tablettes mathématiques du musée du Louvre." Revue archéologique. Nouvelle Série, Fasc. 2, 243-260 (257-260: no. IV, V et VI).

• Boyaval, Bernard. 1971. "Tablettes du Louvre en provenance d'Egypte." Revue archéologique. Nouvelle Série, Fasc. 1, 57-70 (70).

• Weil, Henri. 1903. In Mélanges Perrot. Paris p. 331-332.

Additional bibliography

• Cauderlier, Patrice. 1992. "Les tablettes grecques d'Egypte: inventaire." In Les tablettes à écrire de l'Antiquité à l'époque moderne, ed. E. Lalou. Bibliologia 12,. Turnhout: Brepols, 63-94 (77, no. 72-76).

• Carlig, Nathan. 2019. "Christianisme et paideia dans l’Égypte byzantine : l’apport des papyrus scolaires grecs de nature composite profane et chrétienne (fin du IIIe – VIIe/VIIIe siècle)." In Pratiche didattiche tra centro e periferia nel Mediterraneo tardoantico, ed. G. Agosti & D. Bianconi. Spoleto, 261-281.

• Cauderlier, Patrice. 1983. "Cinq tablettes en bois au Musée du Louvre." Revue Archéologique. Nouvelle Série, Fasc. 2, 259-280 (266-268 no. 4).

• Cribiore, Raffaella. 1996. Writing, teachers, and students in Graeco-Roman Egypt. Atlanta: Scholars Press, no. 396.

• Pernigotti, Carlo. 2008. Menandri Sententiae. Florence, 47 & no. 16.

• van Haelst, Joseph. 1976. Catalogue des papyrus littéraires juifs et chrétiens. Paris, no. 239 descr.

• Worp, Klaas. 2012. A New Survey of Greek, Coptic, Demotic and Latin Tabulae Preserved from Classical Antiquity, Trismegistos Online Publications 6, no. 263.

Authors

Valérie Schram, 2021

Suggested citation

Valérie Schram, 2021, "Artefact ID 1419", 4CARE database - Fourth-Century Christian Archaeological Record of Egypt, https://4care-skos.mf.no/artefacts/1419

Json data

External links

TM 61597 / LDAB 2746 DCLP (PN) Musée du Louvre – MND 552: Schoolbook Papnouthion Musée du Louvre – MND 552.k Musée du Louvre – MND 552.l Musée du Louvre – MND 552.i Musée du Louvre – MND 552.h MP3 2643.1 (ex MP2 1619)

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